Abstract

Les stations d’epuration des eaux usees municipales produisent des quantites considerables de boues. Ces boues peuvent contenir des metaux toxiques a des concentrations qui obligent les municipalites a prendre des mesures preventives couteuses pour en disposer, soit l’incineration suivie de l’enfouissement des cendres. Certains procedes de decontamination sont actuellement en cours de developpement pour reduire les couts de gestion des boues, entre autres, un procede biologique permettant la solubilisation des metaux toxiques et la digestion des boues des eaux usees en une etape. Le present article analyse la technique de deshydratation des boues acides generees par ce procede de decontamination et propose une methode pour en augmenter l’efficacite. Les resultats de cette analyse montrent qu’il est possible de deshydrater ces boues lixiviees dans des conditions normales d’operation, a l’echelle reelle, et a des couts acceptables. Cette etude a permis de mettre en evidence le conditionnement optimal des boues acides par ajout de bentonite et de polymeres cationiques. L’utilisation de filtres-presses a plateaux permet d’obtenir des gâteaux de boues presentant une siccite se situant entre 19 et 30% avec une capacite de filtration comprise entre 1,5 et 4,0 kg⋅m–2⋅h–1. D’autre part, des essais en laboratoire ont demontre que le pH des boues decontaminees (entre 1,7 et 2,5) et l’addition de chlorure ferrique affectent peu le conditionnement des boues. Abstract The wastewater treatment plants produce a considerable quantity of sludges with high concentrations of heavy metals. The disposal of these contaminated sludges limited, in this case, to incineration with ash landfilling is a very costly practice for the municipalities. Some decontamination processes are currently developed to resolve this problem; amongst them, a biological process allowing the solubilization of toxic metals and the sewage sludge digestion in one step. In the present study, the dehydration technic for the acid sludges resulting from this decontamination process was investigated and a method was proposed to improve its efficiency. The research shows that normal operation conditions can be used for the dehydration of leached sludges, in industrial scale and with acceptable costs. The results revealed the optimum conditioning of acid sludges by addition of bentonite and cationic polymers. The utilization of plate filter-press resulted in sludge cake production with 19 to 30% siccity and a filtration capacity between 1.5 and 4.0 kg⋅m–2⋅h–1. On the other hand, laboratory tests showed that the decontaminated sludge pH (between 1.7 and 2.5) and the addition of ferric chloride do not affect significantly the conditioning of the sludges

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