Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process in cancer development and progression. Communication (crosstalk) between cancer cells and normal (nonmalignant) cells may facilitate cancer progression. Conditioned medium (CM) obtained from cultured cancer cells contains secreted factors capable of affecting phenotypes and the behaviors of normal cells. In this study, a culture of normal breast epithelial MCF10A cells with CM from malignant breast cancer cells (termed 231-CM and 453-CM) resulted in an alteration of morphology. CM-treated MCF10A, in comparison with control cells, showed a reduced expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, increased expression of the mesenchymal markers fibronectin, vimentin, N-cadherin, and TWIST1, meanwhile cell proliferation and migration were enhanced while cell apoptosis was decreased. N-glycan profiles of 231-CM-treated and control MCF10A cells were compared by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) and a lectin microarray analysis. The treated cells showed lower levels of high-mannose-type N-glycan structures, and higher levels of complex-type and hybrid-type structures. Altered N-glycan profiles were also detected in 453-CM-treated and non-treated MCF10A cells by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS, and we found that the expression of five fucosylated N-glycan structures (m/z 1406.663, 1590.471, 1668.782, 2421.141, and 2988.342) and one high-mannose structure m/z 1743.722 have the same pattern as 231-CM-treated MCF10A cells. Our findings, taken together, show that CM derived from breast cancer cells induced an EMT-like process in normal epithelial cells and altered their N-glycan profile.
Highlights
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process in disease development, in tumor metastasis [1]
In a 2014 study of normal mouse mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells, we used a systematic glycomic analysis to demonstrate that the aberrant N-glycosylation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced EMT enhanced the expression of high-mannose-type N-glycan structures, and reduced the expression of bisecting GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine) and fucose (Fuc) structures [7]
Our findings demonstrated that Conditioned medium (CM) derived from breast cancer cells induced an EMT-like process in normal epithelial cells and altered their N-glycan profile
Summary
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process in disease development, in tumor metastasis [1]. Aberrant glycosylation is often associated with malignant transformation and tumor progression. In a 2014 study of normal mouse mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells, we used a systematic glycomic analysis to demonstrate that the aberrant N-glycosylation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced EMT enhanced the expression of high-mannose-type N-glycan structures, and reduced the expression of bisecting GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine) and fucose (Fuc) structures [7]. Our 2014 study of normal bladder epithelial HCV29 cells revealed a striking increase of high-mannose-type glycan structures and a reduction of biantennary N-glycan structures during EMT [8]
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