Conclusion

Abstract

Abstract Non-state justice can have major implications for governance, the rule of law, and even whether peace endures. Thus, the various forms of legal pluralism and their consequences need to be better understood. Conflict between state and non-state justice is not inevitable. Even legal orders with significant divergence in normative values can work cooperatively. But this constructive relationship is not guaranteed, even if the state receives substantial international assistance. The case studies highlight that where non-state authorities retain meaningful autonomy and authority, it is vital that state officials are committed to constructing a legitimate and, ideally, democratic state underpinned by the rule of law; that there is a credible and sustained effort to develop institutions that promote democratic accountability, inclusiveness, and the rule of law; and that state officials exhibit willingness to engage and collaborate with key non-state authorities, who in turn must be open to the democratic state-building project.