Conclusion: Fragilities of a New Indian Man

This article examines Mohandas Gandhi’s writing on Indian masculinity in early twentieth-century South Africa which was a period of his life that was seminal for his political career. The author explores how, in the context of being removed from many personal and professional constraints that he encountered in India, Gandhi fashioned prescriptions that would transform the emasculated, effete and cowardly Indian man constructed by colonial discourses in nineteenth-century British India. Building on the scholarly literature pertaining to Gandhian bodily ascesis, I argue that Gandhi held the belief that Indian men would be able to face the hazards of anticolonial satyagraha once their masculinity had been restored, for which various practices of military training were indispensable. I suggest that Gandhi attempted to catalyse somatic and moral reform by encouraging South African Indian men to serve in the British army during the Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902) and the Zulu Rebellion (1906). I explain how Gandhi viewed military service as a transformative disciplinary experience that would afford Indian men with the ability to endure physical duress, bodily strength and, lastly, knowledge in the use of arms. I illustrate how military service ultimately generated a masculine Indian subject, according to Gandhi, one who possessed mastery over his bodily senses, moral fortitude and fearlessness.

352 Western American Literature visible documentation would in some instances be disappointed even though the raw material of the sources is honestly and appropriately utilized' but to demand the immediate clarity of a documented paper would violate both the spirit and the aesthetic coherence of a very good book. Sir Philip Sidney would be pleased with Holthaus’s accomplishment on at least one count: the book does both “teach and delight.” For much the same reasons and for reasons indigenous to our western heritage, any reader interested in the American West would enjoy this book. JAMES R. SAUGERMAN Northwest Missouri State University The Indian Man: A Biography of James Mooney. By L. G. Moses. (Cham­ paign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1984. xvii + 293 pages, $24.95, cloth.) In recent years anthropologists have been severely criticized for their dealings with American Indians. Some of the criticisms were justifiable, but others were not. Certainly James Mooney’s relationship with Indians pro­ vides an example which should be emulated by all students interested in the field of American Indian studies. Mooney was one of the first “professional” scholars who devoted his life to the study of native Americans. He was recog­ nized by whites and Indians alike as one of the foremost ethnologists in the United States. Mooney believed that “the only way to learn their ideas and study their character” was to live and work with Indians. He felt that without an understanding of the Indian communities “you cannot know them.” Mooney was correct, and scholars today should take heed. Serious students of the American Indian should learn from Mooney’sworks and his methods. Mooney’s interest in the American Indian began in 1873—at the age of 12—and he launched his career with the Bureau of Ethnology in 1885. For the next 36 years, he devoted his life to detailing various aspects of the history, culture, religion, and language of selected Indian tribes in the United States. Moses’book focuses primarily on the major phases of Mooney’s work among the Eastern Cherokee, Paiute, Sioux, Kiowa, and others. Mooney is best known for his work on the Ghost Dance Religion, and Moses’ handling of Mooney’s visit with and study of Wovoka, the Paiute Prophet of the Ghost Dance, is both enlightening and insightful. The author’s analysis of the Prophet, his revelations, and his teachings are surpassed only by the discussion of the peyote religion, the formation of the Native American Church, and the national controversy stemming from the Indian use of peyote. Moses examines Mooney the man and the scholar, pointing out that Mooney was a self-trained professional who “added a new dimension to the writing of Indian history by using sources from the Indians themselves.” Mooney’s use of Kiowa calendars, for example, formed the basis of his classic Reviews 353 study, Calendar History of the Kiowa Indians. The ethnologist’s close rela­ tionship with the Kiowas, Comanches, and others earned him the deep respect of many Indians. However, Mooney’s study and use of peyote for religious purposes also earned him the ire of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Indian reformers, including two notable native Americans—Carlos Monte­ zuma and Gertrude Bonnin. Moses exposes the academic and socio-political problems that plagued Mooney, and he skillfully assesses the ethnologist’scon­ tributions to the field of anthropology. The author also suggests that much of Mooney’s data remains untapped, available for some future scholar. The life of the “Indian Man” is expertly portrayed by Professor Moses in this first-rate biography. The volume is certain to become the definitive work on James Mooney. CLIFFORD E. TRAFZER San Diego State University English Creek. By Ivan Doig. (New York: Atheneum, 1984. 339 pages, $15.95.) Ivan Doig’s new novel is set in the summer of 1939 as its narrator, Jick McCaskill, approaches his fifteenth birthday. Significantly, this point in time marks both the end of the Great Depression and the start of World War Two. Thus the book does not utilize the typical patterns of history and incident western fiction has emphasized. The fact that Jick’s father is chief ranger for the Forest...

A 17-year-old Indian man was diagnosed with Bloom's syndrome at the age of 3 years. This is the first reported case of Bloom's in an Indian from the UK and...

Journal Article D'Arcy Mcnickle. Indian Man: A Life of Oliver La Farge. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 1971. Pp. xiii, 242. $7.95 Get access Mcnickle D'Arcy. Indian Man: A Life of Oliver La Farge. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 1971. Pp. xiii, 242. $7.95. Thomas Leduc Thomas Leduc Oberlin College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 78, Issue 3, June 1973, Pages 742–743, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/78.3.742 Published: 01 June 1973

This paper presents the results of an anthropometric survey conducted on South Indian male workers in the electronic industry. The data were collected as part of a project to modify work stations that utilized equipment from other countries. A set of 27 body dimensions were taken from a sample of 128 workmen (aged 18-35 years). The anthropometric measurements are compared with those of Indian men from Central, Western, and Northern parts of India and with those of the American, German, and Japanese men. The results indicate that in general the South Indian man is smaller than Central, Western, and Northern Indian men, as well as smaller than men in America, Germany, Japan, and Africa. This difference needs to be allowed for when considering buying and subsequently using imported equipment for the electronics industry in South India.

Although mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) commonly occur in the salivary glands, they are rarely encountered in the lungs. In this case report, we present a rare case of pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma with endobronchial involvement in a 36-year-old Indian man who presented to our pulmonary outpatient clinic with a 10-year history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. A comprehensive workup was performed in his home country, but did not lead to a definitive diagnosis. At our hospital, high-resolution chest computed tomography was repeated, confirming a well-demarcated soft tissue mass measuring 1.7 x 1.8 x 1.1 cm in the right lower lobe bronchus. This was followed by positron emission tomography (PET) showing intense fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the mass with a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 7.9. The final diagnosis was made by histopathological examination of a resected right lower lobe, which confirmed the diagnosis of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, with no metastases found in the lymph nodes. The patient was then referred to a multidisciplinary oncology team, which opted for regular surveillance and follow-up.Although mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) commonly occur in the salivary glands, they are rarely encountered in the lungs. In this case report, we present a rare case of pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma with endobronchial involvement in a 36-year-old Indian man who presented to our pulmonary outpatient clinic with a 10-year history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. A comprehensive workup was performed in his home country, but did not lead to a definitive diagnosis. At our hospital, high-resolution chest computed tomography was repeated, confirming a well-demarcated soft tissue mass measuring 1.7 x 1.8 x 1.1 cm in the right lower lobe bronchus. This was followed by positron emission tomography (PET) showing intense fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the mass with a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 7.9. The final diagnosis was made by histopathological examination of a resected right lower lobe, which confirmed the diagnosis of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, with no metastases found in the lymph nodes. The patient was then referred to a multidisciplinary oncology team, which opted for regular surveillance and follow-up.

Three cases of Nattrassia mangiferae (Scytalidium dimidiatum) infection in Singapore.

It was 1:45 p.m. on a warm Delhi afternoon. I was waiting again for Raj to come and meet me at Lajpat Nagar metro station. He was 30 minutes late, but by then I was used to waiting for my informants for long stretches. I suddenly got a call from him, so I picked up the phone but there was no answer, just music in the background. Then his voice shouted out, ‘Yes brother (bhai) where are you?’ I replied by telling him that I was standing by the metro exit as we decided. I asked him which exit he was at but he replied, ‘No brother, I’m on the road, come towards the front.’ To which I was confused and asked him what he meant. He was very cryptic and said in a loud instructive tone, ‘Yeah, come to the front.’ I did not understand what he meant but I followed his instructions and walked towards a parked car.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common condition that manifests classically with megaloblastic anaemia. However, neuropsychiatric disorders can occur as the first manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency. Herein, we reported two cases with neuropsychiatric disorders as the first manifestation. The first was an Indian man who presented with an unsteady gait and numbness in the lower limbs associated with low back pain and normal hemoglobin with normocytosis. MR images were consistent with subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Vitamin B12 level was found to be low. The second case was an Indian man without a psychiatric history who was brought to the emergency room because of abnormal behavior and poor sleep. His blood study and brain images were normal. The deterioration of his condition in addition to being vegetarian prompted the attending physician to look for another cause of his illness. Vitamin B12 was low. Both patients received B12 supplements and showed significant improvement.

Kimura disease is a rare idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by subcutaneous nodular lesions in the head and neck area. Ophthalmic manifestation of Kimura disease involves orbital and eyelid lesions mostly in Asian patients, but it has been described in White patients and Black Caribbean patients. Kimura disease is usually associated with eosinophilia and occasionally with renal disease. Here, we report a case of Kimura disease of the eyelid in a 50-year-old Indian man with eosinophilia. The main differential diagnosis was angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. Histology is crucial to separate these two entities, and our case was shown to be Kimura disease by histology. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a person of Indian origin to develop Kimura disease involving the eyelid.

Is there a ‘post-patriarchal’ Indian man? An ethnography of ‘new’ discourses of neoliberal masculinities in India

Congenital melanocytic nevus is a inborn melanocytic proliferation either present since birth or soon afterward and shows characteristic histopathological features comprising proliferation of benign melanocytes and extension of nevus cells...

IntroductionThe mainstay of pharmacologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis includes the use of disease-modifying agents like sulfasalazine and methothrexate, and more recently, anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents. Depression remains a major co-morbidity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and is thought to contribute to disability and mortality in these patients. Evidence now suggests that a biologic link exists between substrates responsible for inflammatory conditions and mood disorders. Most of this evidence comes from preclinical studies. Nevertheless, more research into this area is helping us to understand the possible mechanisms through which these conditions interact with each other.Case presentationWe describe a 60-year-old Indian man with rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed 15 years ago who had minimal response to multiple therapies with disease-modifying agents and whose arthritis symptoms surprisingly remitted when he was started on a specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, three years ago, for co-morbid major depression. This remission has been maintained with this medication, and the patient is currently not taking any antirheumatoid medications.ConclusionPossible mechanisms linking substrates of mood disorders and inflammation are reviewed in this case report, particularly the serotonergic system. Evidence seems to suggest a significant interaction between the serotonergic systems and inflammation. This interaction seems to be bidirectional. An understanding of this relation is most important to gain insight not only into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this condition, but also into how treatments for these conditions may complement each other and possibly provide greater therapeutic options in both of these disabling conditions.

Since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic the spectrum of disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been found to be very wide with a myriad of hematologic manifestations. We illustrate here the peripheral blood features of two patients with acute kidney injury, which is part of this spectrum. The images above (×100 objective) are from a 15-year-old Iraqi patient with β thalassemia major who was on regular transfusion and iron chelation therapy. He presented peri-cardiac arrest with ventricular tachycardia and acute kidney injury. He was found to have suffered hemorrhage from a duodenal ulcer, requiring emergency surgery and massive transfusion. PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. Postoperatively he required hemofiltration and ventilatory support. His blood count and biochemical tests showed: white cell count (WBC) 8.4 × 109/L, hemoglobin concentration (Hb) 99 g/L, platelet count 130 × 109/L, creatinine 125 μmol/L (NR 50–120), urea 13.2 mmol/L (NR 2.5–7.0), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 933 iu/L, D-dimer 8460 ng/mL fibrinogen equivalent units (FEU) (NR for age 160–390), and serum ferritin 2403 μg/L. Liver function tests were also abnormal. His blood film showed schistocytes and echinocytes (both images), indicative of microangiopathy and renal insufficiency, and in addition there were occasional pincer or 'mushroom' cells (right). Further complications during the clinical course included femoral vein thrombosis and seizures due to intracranial microhemorrhages. The patient was treated with dexamethasone and remdesivir and after 19 days in the intensive care unit and a further 13 days of hospitalization was discharged with recovery of renal function to baseline. The images above (×100 objective) are from a 79-year-old Indian man who presented with fever and respiratory failure. PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. His blood count and biochemistry tests showed: WBC 29.5 × 109/L with neutrophilia and monocytosis, Hb 72 g/L, platelet count 28 × 109/L, creatinine 123.8 μmol/L, urea 32.3 mmol/L, LDH 1434 iu/L, D-dimer 2110 ng/mL FEU (NR 0–500), and ferritin 548.2 μg/L. His blood film confirmed the severe thrombocytopenia and showed schistocytes, marked echinocytosis (including echinocytic elliptocytes) and 3 nucleated red blood cells/100 WBC. The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly and he died within 3 days of presentation. The peripheral blood features of these two patients reflect the presence of two recognized Covid-19 complications: echinocytes are indicative of acute kidney injury and schistocytes are indicative of microangiopathic damage to red cells. In addition, the first patient showed pincer cells, which have been reported in Covid-19 and suggest possible oxidant-induced damage.1 Microvascular thrombosis, particularly in the lungs but also in other organs, is a well recognized feature of Covid-19 and is responsible for the schistocytes observed. The origin of acute kidney injury in Covid-19 is multifactorial, including acute tubular damage and infiltration by lymphocytes and macrophages, with the virus having been identified within glomerular endothelium and in tubular cells. In addition, thrombotic microangiopathy involving the kidney can lead to coagulative necrosis.2 However microvascular thrombosis within the kidney does not appear to be common and may not be extensive; microvascular thrombi were observed in only three of 21 cases in one series,3 in three of 26 cases in another,4 in one of three personally observed cases in a third series,5 and in none of 12 cases in a fourth series.6 Acute kidney injury in Covid-19 is an adverse prognostic indicator. Nothing to report

Lung lesions often appear in patients with sarcoidosis; however, miliary opacities are rare. We present the case of a 55-year-old Indian man who presented with dyspnea and low-grade fever. Miliary Tuberculosis (TB) was initially suspected, despite the direct microscopic examination from bronchoalveolar lavage was negative for acid-fast bacilli because imaging showed miliary opacities, and transbronchial lung biopsy revealed the presence of typical caseating granulomas. Antitubercular treatment with the classic four-drug regimen was initiated. However, the patient did not improve and cultures were negative for Mycobacterium growth. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made only after a negative culture and clinical and histopathological re-evaluation of the case. Although miliary sarcoidosis is rare, physicians should consider sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis with conditions like tuberculosis, malignancy, and pneumoconiosis when patients present with miliary opacities who do not respond to the traditional treatment.