Conciliación entre modernidad y tradición arquitectónica en el noroeste mexicano

Terengganu's identity can adapt and consolidate to form its own character because of its commercial and cultural ties with neighbouring Siam, Cambodia, and Indonesia. Terengganu's traditional architecture has been shaped by all these influences and is considered the cradle of Malay civilization. The ability to adapt has strengthened the country's uniqueness and identity. However, indigenous cultures are believed to be losing their identity as globalisation continues. The loss of identity of Terengganu's traditional architecture has a strong impact on the community, which views Malay culture in the form of resort architecture as indestructible and immediately rejects it as a cheap imitation that does not reflect the authenticity of Terengganu's regional identity. This study aimed to identify the spatial characteristics of traditional Terengganu architecture. Some of the methods used to investigate the spatial characteristics of traditional Terengganu architecture include document review, personal interviews with the resort owner, and field surveys and observations. To achieve this objective, the aim of this study was to investigate the architectural features of traditional Terengganu architecture, particularly in terms of spatial features as part of the traditional Terengganu architectural identity on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A field mapping for the case study analysis was conducted at Terrapuri Heritage Village in Setiu, Terengganu, and a total of 22 buildings from the case study site were considered. The results of the study show that some adjustments were made to the layout of the rooms according to the function of the resort. These include the adaptation/reuse of the room layout, such as converting the kitchen area (dapur) into a bathing area, reconstructing the old structure, and adopting the architectural form with modern materials and construction. The results of this study illustrate a valuable traditional Terengganu architecture in terms of spatial features that preserve at least part of the traditional Malay socio-cultural values and regional identity of Terengganu while meeting the pressures of twenty-first century design constraints.

Los derechos de propiedad de la tierra pueden ser comunitarios o individualizados, delimitar diferentesusos y beneficios legítimos, así como definir temporalidades para su ejercicio, y presentar o norestricciones para su enajenación. En el contexto neoliberal, sin embargo, la definición de derechosde propiedad de la tierra con dominio pleno e individualizado se considera la mejor forma paraaumentar la inversión y conseguir la equidad social. En este trabajo reflexionamos sobre el cambiode régimen de propiedad social (o de las comunidades agrarias) a privada en México. Analizamosen particular, cómo su aplicación en la periferia urbana ha transformado las relaciones sociales depropiedad entre ejidatarios y pobladores de menores ingresos y establecido condiciones para undesarrollo del mercado formal de tierra.Sin desconocer que la entrada del sector inmobiliario capitalista al mercado de tierra en la periferiaurbana, puede derivar beneficios económicos a los sujetos agrarios, los hallazgos de este trabajoindican que se trata fundamentalmente de un estado ilusorio. Los instrumentos jurídicos creadospara facilitar la individualización de la propiedad social, no cumplen con la función de capitalizar elcampo y, por el contrario, llevan a un proceso de despojo de la tierra de las comunidades vía mercado,lo que facilita los procesos de acumulación capitalista en el ámbito urbano. Adicionalmente,dificulta tanto las acciones de regularización de asentamientos informales como el acceso de lospobres al suelo urbano.

With the rapid development of digital media technology, video games, as an emerging cultural carrier, play an important role in the dissemination and protection of cultural heritage. Using the Chinese video game Black Myth: Wukong as a case study, this article explores the synergistic effect of video games in the digital revival of traditional Chinese architecture. The article first analyses the ways in which traditional Chinese architecture is reproduced in Black Myth: Wukong and how these elements enhance the game's cultural connotation and appeal. Subsequently, the article discusses how video games can help bring traditional architecture into the modern perspective by enabling players to experience and understand the cultural value and aesthetic characteristics of ancient architecture more intuitively and deeply through the game's interactivity and immersion. In addition, the article also discusses the shortcomings of the existing game mode of propaganda and dissemination of cultural heritage through video games. Finally, in response to the problems identified, this article proposes solutions to help relevant practitioners better utilise the video game platform to realise the digital protection and inheritance of traditional Chinese architecture. Through this study, it aims to provide new perspectives on the digital transformation of cultural heritage and provide practical guidance for game designers, cultural heritage protectors and policy makers.

Most scholarship on informal housing focuses on developing countries and little research investigates how low-income populations in the US participate in homeownership through self-built and self-provided housing. Meanwhile, informally developed areas are increasingly being uncovered in the US, especially in the urban periphery of growing metropolitan regions. This paper documents and analyses largely unknown housing conditions and needs for the growing number of people that live in such communities. Data for this paper were collected through a survey of 133 households in two unincorporated low-income, self-help settlements in Central Texas. In this survey we address (1) household composition, (2) specific housing conditions, and (3) reported structural and infrastructural problems. Through regression analyses we identify factors that mitigate or aggravate the severity of overall housing problems and identify the most significant concerns for residents. Our results offer future lines of action regarding property titles, financing and dwelling upgrading.

In many areas in the United States, low-income jobs have followed patterns of suburbanization, with a resulting spatial mismatch between low-income workers residing in dense urban areas and low-income jobs located in suburban areas of the outlying urban periphery. This situation facilitates a need for auto ownership in core urban areas traditionally thought to be rich in transit supply and robust in transit accessibility. The resulting auto dependence is a substantial economic burden for low-income households and detrimental to those who have made residential location choices in an attempt to adopt a lifestyle that relies on public transit. This paper seeks to explain the various levels of households with low incomes and high rates of car ownership (LIHCO households) in the urban core by investigating their accessibility to low-income job locations. Two transit accessibility metrics geared toward low-income populations were derived and were applied. The first metric was based on the number of low-income jobs accessible by transit from the residential location; the second was based on late-night transit frequency at the residential location. These accessibility scores were then correlated with the magnitude of LIHCO households residing in each spatial unit of analysis. The results suggested a link between transit access to low-income jobs, late-night transit frequency, and the number of LIHCO households. It was concluded that improved transit access to low-income jobs and increased late-night transit frequency might reduce auto ownership in LIHCO households, with improved economic welfare as a result.

This paper underlines the fact that the construction of political and administrative boundaries does not necessarily reflect the socio-economic realities and mental representations of urban dwellers living in different urban territories. Hence the importance of making a clear distinction, following Robert Escallier, between “imposed boundaries”, which are the result of public policies, “spontaneous boundaries” deriving from segregation processes and “imaginary boundaries” based on social representations and mental images. Once made, these distinctions reveal the complexity of boundaries within ever-more fragmented metropolises and make it possible to detect the formation of real urban fragments, synonymous with strong social and territorial separatist dynamics. Yet, parallel to these developments, new centralities are emerging in urban peripheries, which calls into question the center-periphery model which has often been used by the media and by many political actors to describe the evolutions of contemporary cities. Further analysis can then shed light on the way in which, within peri-urban rings, socio-territorial fragmentation is developing, leading to the creation of boundaries between the historic and affluent peri-urban area located close to the city and the more distant peri-urban space, mostly inhabited by lower-income populations.

Iran is an ancient country with an old civilization. Most parts of this country have been located in hot and dry region. Many cities of Iran suffer from harsh climate and water scarcity both. But we notice a rich urban planning and architecture in these cities which were adapted with this hard situation. We can survey this adaptation in many aspects of traditional urban planning and architecture in Iran. They could build some building with a good energy saving and prepared some spaces with suitable condition for living. Desert has a harsh climate with hot days and cold nights but Iranians build their houses in such a way to keep warm temperature during nights in their walls and then it had cold walls in days to reduce the temperature of the rooms. Besides they divided their homes to two parts, one part for winter and the second for summer. In summer part they used wind tower to catch and bring the wind into rooms. These houses had central yards which contained pool and plants to reduce the temperature of hot days as well. Briefly, there is a special climatic design in traditional houses of hot cities of Iran. Urban planning of these cities respected some features to reduce the effect hot climate as well. For example, there was a dense urban fabric in these cities with narrow lanes. Also, they could achieve the problem of limitation of water by some intellectual technology which called Qanat. Locating of most of the urban elements of cities obeyed from these Qanats. This Qanat provided drinkable water of city and citizens used water by some traditional hydraulic structures such as water reservoir or baths or ice house and so on. Nowadays sustainable design in architecture and urban planning is an important and essential paradigm. This paradigm emphasized on adapting with nature instead destroying it. Traditional architecture and urban planning of these Iranian cities of hot and dry climate contains a lot of features which can be useful for urban development of future hot cities which will be developed by sustainable urban planning paradigm. This paper reviews some features in traditional urban planning and architecture as some useful lessons for recent and future hot cities. Indeed, there are some aspects in these cities which can lead us a more sustainability in urban planning specially for hot cities.

The Creative Stage House for the Marginal is an architectural design which is the result of an architectural design competition for housing. Intended for the marginalized, this house is designed with a behaviorial approach and the Sundanese cultural architecture which is the location of its design research. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the principles and characteristics of traditional Sundanese architecture that are the background in the design and to understand the principles and characteristics of the application of traditional Sundanese architecture in the design of the Creative Stage House for the Marginal. The research method used is descriptive qualitative which is expected to be able to describe the application of the traditional architectural form of Sundanese culture to the design of the house through literature study. By identifying the visual characteristics of the spatial form of the Creative Stage House for the Marginal, it is known that the architectural design of the Creative Stage House for the Marginal adapts not only the form of Sundanese architecture but the values contained in it such as the concept of dividing the three masses of the house building. The results of this philosophical study found that the composition of the masses, the typology of buildings that adhere to Sundanese cosmology and the shape of the roof that uses the Sundanese Julang Apak architecture hold the hope of increasing the standard of living and self-confidence of the marginalized. Keywords: Philosophy, Sundanese Traditional House, Traditional Architecture

For storage and recovery requirements on large-scale seismic waveform data of the National Earthquake Data Backup Center (NEDBC), a distributed cluster processing model based on Kafka message queues is designed to optimize the inbound efficiency of seismic waveform data stored in HBase at NEDBC. Firstly, compare the characteristics of big data storage architectures with that of traditional disk array storage architectures. Secondly, realize seismic waveform data analysis and periodic truncation, and write HBase in NoSQL record form through Spark Streaming cluster. Finally, compare and test the read/write performance of the data processing process of the proposed big data platform with that of traditional storage architectures. Results show that the seismic waveform data processing architecture based on Kafka designed and implemented in this paper has a higher read/write speed than the traditional architecture on the basis of the redundancy capability of NEDBC data backup, which verifies the validity and practicability of the proposed approach.

Alışveriş mekânları tarihte çeşitli formlarda ticari yaşama dahil olmuşlardır. Günümüzde gündelik hayatın bir parçası haline gelen, bir buluşma ve sosyalleşme mekânı olarak hizmet veren alışveriş merkezleri daha çok kapalı mekânlardan oluşan, alışveriş harici farklı fonksiyonları içeren kamusal bir mekân niteliğindedir. Kent merkezlerinde yer alan bu yapılar zaman içinde ekonomik gelişmeler ve araç sahipliğinin de artmasıyla kent çeperlerinde konumlanmaya başlamıştır. AVM’lerin yaygınlaşması, bu alışveriş formunu bilindik-geleneksel çarşılara bir yandan alternatif haline getirirken bir yandan da sayısal olarak hızla çoğalmasıyla oluşan rekabetçi ortam, mimari özellikleri ve sunulan olanakları bakımından AVM’lerin tasarımında farklılık arayışına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma AVM’lerin mimari özelliklerine odaklanarak, kullanıcıların değişen tercihlerini ve AVM’nin mimari özelliklerine bağlı olarak alışveriş temelli davranışlarını tespit etmeyi hedeflemiştir. 170 kişinin katıldığı anket çalışması Van AVM’de gerçekleştirilmiş, ziyaret alışkanlıkları ve erişim yöntemleri, AVM’yi alışveriş için tercih sebebi, ziyaret sıklığı ve geçirilen süreyi etkilediği düşünülen, mekânın algısal duyusal koşulları sorgulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, AVM’lerin mimari özelliklerinin ve olanaklarının kullanıcıların alışveriş davranışlarını, ziyaret sıklığını ve tercihlerini etkilediğini göstermiştir.

Traditional Ecuadorian architecture refers to structures whose technical and visual characteristics date from pre-Columbian times to the mid-20th century. However, such architectural interventions can still be found in the Andean region, mainly in remote villages away from urban centers. Among the architectural features, ancestral knowledge passed down through generations and a construction system based on mud, wattle and daub, adobe, and other materials. The analysis aims to develop thermoenergetic simulations to identify the thermal comfort of buildings in Pilahuin Parish Center (Ambato, Ecuador). The methodology is based on a qualitative and quantitative approach, and using non-probabilistic random sampling, the following main variables were analyzed: geographic orientation, type of layout, building height, materiality, and number of floors. After surveying and architectural drawing of the buildings, 3D models were developed using Autodesk REVIT software. Consequently, digital three-dimensional architectural models were imported into Design Builder software. This process generated a diagnosis of the current state of the buildings in terms of habitability, based on interior thermal comfort. The results showed an average indoor air temperature of 18.77°C and an average relative humidity of 50.76%. With this data, strategies were developed to improve habitability based on Olgyay’s theory of architecture and climate. The resulting data, also obtained in Design Builder, allowed for a proposal to achieve the average indoor air temperature and relative humidity within the optimal ranges of Olgyay’s theory and the Ecuadorian Construction Standard. Therefore, by making certain material changes while respecting their heritage value, thermal discomfort levels were improved by 27.67% compared to the analyzed interior temperature, thereby enhancing the quality of life for the inhabitants.

Assessing social equity in distance based transit fares using a model of travel behavior

The goal of this study is to develop and apply a new method for assessing social equity impacts of distance-based public transit fares. Shifting to a distance-based fare structure can disproportionately favor or penalize different subgroups of a population based on variations in settlement patterns, travel needs, and most importantly, transit use. According to federal law, such disparities must be evaluated by the transit agency, but the area-based techniques identified by the Federal Transit Authority for assessing discrimination fail to account for disparities in distances travelled by transit users. This means that transit agencies currently lack guidelines for assessing the social equity impacts of replacing flat fare with distance-based fare structures. Our solution is to incorporate a joint ordinal-continuous model of trip generation and distance travelled into a GIS Decision Support System. The system enables a transit planner to visualize and compare estimated distances travelled and transit-cost maps for different population profiles and fare structures. We apply the method to a case study in the Wasatch Front, Utah, where the Utah Transit Authority is exploring a switch to a distance-based fare structure. The analysis reveals that overall distance-based fares benefit low-income, elderly, and non-white populations. However, the effect is geographically uneven, and may be negative for members of these groups living on the urban fringe. The research discusses a potential conflict between policies designed to promote equity and those intended to increase discretionary ridership. For example, increasing fares for longdistance discretionary riders travelling from suburban light-rail stations to the central business district may have a negative impact on ridership, despite being economically more efficient through cost-recapturing. At the same time, reducing fares for short-distance trips that are currently too expensive compared to private automobile travel may attract new riders. A full cost-benefit analysis sensitive to heterogeneous price elasticity is recommended for future research. It is also noted that the research findings are dependent on the current spatial distributions of population segments and travel patterns. The equity benefits of distance-based fares are primarily derived from residential clustering of low-income and minority groups in more compact urban areas near the center of the city. Demographic trends, such as inner-city gentrification and suburban aging-in-place, may impose increased travel demands on low income and elderly riders, nullifying future equity gains made by a transition to distance-based fares.

Camili Havzasının geleneksel mimarisi, bölgenin iklim koşulları, topografik yapısı, yerel malzeme olanakları çerçevesinde alınabilecek mimari kararların ve uygulamaların başarılı örneklerini içermekte, bölge insanının, doğa ve çevresi ile ilişkilerini yansıtmaktadır. Havzanın geleneksel mimarisi yapım sistemi ahşap yığmadır. Bölgede bu yapım tekniği ile inşa edilen yapıların, ön yapım mantığında kurgulanmış olması, havzanın geleneksel mimarisinin dikkat çekici özellikleri arasındadır. Havzada yeni yapılacak konutlarda izlenecek yöntemlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılması planlanan çalışma için, geleneksel konut mimarisini tanımak, anlamak, deneyimlere dayalı yapım kültürüne ait bilgileri belirlemek ve elde edilen bilgileri günümüz yapım sistemlerine aktarmak üzere havzanın geleneksel ahşap yığma konut yapıları bu makalenin çalışma konusu olmuştur.

Colour painting is a vital component and defining feature of traditional Chinese wooden architecture. These architectural colour paintings, with a history spanning centuries, reflect the distinctive historical attributes and cultural connotations of each era and region. However, numerous preserved colour paintings from past dynasties have severely deteriorated, presenting a significant challenge for designers committed to preserving this art form. Despite its cultural importance, limited research has focused on integrating traditional architectural colour painting into contemporary design. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on the influence of traditional architectural color painting on contemporary Chinese architecture since 2014. A systematic review of the literature between 2014 and 2024 was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, with primary sources from databases such as Web of Science and Scopus. The search resulted in 188 papers, and nine papers were included in the systematic review based on exclusion criteria. The findings reveal that current research on ancient architectural colour paintings predominantly centers on the maintenance and restoration of historical buildings, while studies addressing their application in modern architectural design remain limited. Consequently, there is a need to explore innovative approaches for integrating ancient architectural colour paintings into modern design, thereby supporting cultural diversity in heritage conservation practices and fostering the continuity and development of traditional architectural culture.