Abstract
Antibiotics have been applied for decades and antibiotic pollution is of great concern due to the risk for promoting resistant genes. Human activities such as mariculture and land-based discharge can lead to the antibiotic pollution in coastal area and it is of importance to assess the pollution and risks of antibiotics in this area. In this mini-review, the pollution status of antibiotics in Chinese coastal waters is summarized and some perspectives are put forward for future efforts to mitigate the pollution.
Highlights
The application of antibiotics worldwide has been increasing since 1940s
It is known that the applied antibiotics could not be absorbed or metabolized entirely in organisms and about 30%–90% of them would be released to the environment
Some antibiotics undergo degradation [2] in the environment, their environmental levels can still increase if their general emission rates are higher than the degradation rates
Summary
The application of antibiotics worldwide has been increasing since 1940s. China is estimated to consume the most antibiotics in the world with the consumption amounting to more than. These antibiotics are used to cure or prevent diseases for human or applied in stock farming and aquaculture [1]. It is known that the applied antibiotics could not be absorbed or metabolized entirely in organisms and about 30%–90% of them would be released to the environment. About two-thirds of global rivers carry organic micropollutants including antibiotics, pesticides, and industrial chemicals to estuarine and coastal areas which are dynamic ecosystems hosting some of the highest biodiversity and biological production in the world. It is of importance to assess the pollution and risks of antibiotics in estuarine and coastal areas [8]. In this mini-review, the pollution of antibiotics in Chinese coastal waters is summarized so as to get an aerial view on the pollution status and to suggest future efforts to mitigate the pollution
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