Abstract
Numerical cloud model simulations were performed to study the conditions under which high water supersaturations can be produced and sustained in clouds. The focus of this work is the effect of such high supersaturations on the activation of natural ice nuclei. Our simulations showed that high ice crystal concentrations can be produced in some clouds, but only for very special circumstances which lead to the formation of an efficient coalescence process. The validity of these simulations depends on accurate and representative measurements of cloud and aerosol properties, in particular: the CCN spectrum, updraft and ice nuclei dependence on temperature and supersaturation. In some of these simulations, the response characteristics of CCN and ice nuclei were extrapolated well outside the normal range of measurements, and these extrapolations raise questions about empirical equations which represent nucleation measurements.
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