Abstract
Romania is in a full process of development in regards to producing energy from renewable sources. Successes have been recorded in the wind and hydro sectors, however, challenges are still to be solved in the field of biofuels. In previous years, research and investments targeting facilities that make use of a larger range of renewable fuels and their respective incineration technologies were carried out. The experience thus gained allows for a redefinition of the range of fuels which can constitute cost-worthy power producing solutions. Defining the renewable fuels of the future is of utmost importance for a country with a significant agricultural potential, but also with a temperate climate. After eliminating some cultures specific to warmer climates and not taking into account the quantity/price ratio, the current paper highlights a synthetic approach (a matrix) to the fuels of the future applicable to the power sector in Romania. At the definition base for the matrix also stands data gained from the experience of the researchers in the respective domain.
Highlights
Romania is in a full process of development in regards to producing energy from renewable sources
The notion of conceptual matrix for biofuels comes as a necessity in the definition and classification of a significant number of such fuels
The economic criteria will have a primordial position in the following grouping, the climate being, from this standpoint, an essential selection element [1],[2]
Summary
The notion of conceptual matrix for biofuels comes as a necessity in the definition and classification of a significant number of such fuels Grouping these fuels from the perspective of provenience characteristics and technological applicability for energy production was considered. The use of an alcohol fuel is highly desired due to the low or non-existent CO2 emissions This leads to the initial definition of fuel production potential, starting from biomass production. Alcohol production essentially targets two products: ethanol (C2H5OH), with hydrolysis and fermentation as the main processes, including almost all agricultural products and by-products; methanol (CH3OH), obtained through various physico-chemical processes, such as pyrolysis, gasification and chemical or biological synthesis, through methanogenic anaerobic fermentation. The state of aggregation (solid, liquid or gaseous) will represent an essential group in the fuel matrix, more so since some of the fuels change states through physico-chemical processing. An essential economy cycle includes the comparison between energy price and total production costs
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