Conceptual Enlightenment

The demands and needs of an individual patient require diverse value judgments to interpret and apply clinical data. Indeed, objective assessment takes on particular meaning in the context of the social and existential status of the patient, and thereby a complex calculus of values determines therapeutic goals. I have previously formulated how this moral thread of care becomes woven into the epistemological project as a "moral epistemology." Having argued its ethical justification elsewhere, I offer another perspective here: clinical choices employ diverse values directed at an array of goals, some of which are derived from a universal clinical science and others from the particular physiological, psychological, and social needs of the patient. Integrating these diverse elements that determine clinical care requires a complex synthesis of facts and judgments from several domains. This constructivist process relies on clinical facts, as well as on personal judgments and subjective assessments in an ongoing negotiation between patient and doctor. A philosophy of medicine must account for the conceptual basis of this process by identifying and addressing the judgments that govern the complex synthesis of these various elements.

This paper is a summary of the research development in the rational (total) nonlinear dynamic modelling over the last two decades. Total nonlinear dynamic systems are defined as those where the model parameters and input (controller outputs) are subject to nonlinear to the output. Previously, this class of models has been known as rational models, which is a model that can be considered to belong to the nonlinear autoregressive moving average with exogenous input (NARMAX) model subset and is an extension of the well-known polynomial NARMAX model. The justification for using the rational model is that it provides a very concise and parsimonious representation for highly complex nonlinear dynamic systems and has excellent interpolatory and extrapolatory properties. However, model identification and controller design are much more challenging compared to the polynomial models. This has been a new and fascinating research trend in the area of mathematical modelling, control, and applications, but still within a limited research community. This paper brings several representative algorithms together, developed by the authors and their colleagues, to form an easily referenced archive for promotion of the awareness, tutorial, applications, and even further research expansion.

Reader in Applied Philosophy, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, MMU Cheshire, Crewe, UK and Visiting Professor of Philosophy as Applied to Medicine, University of Buckingham, Uk Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA Associate Professor, Department of General Practice, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Director, University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics, Toronto, ON, Canada Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Professor of Values in Health Care, Associate Director, Social Dimensions of Health Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

Psychological-Physical Force Model for Bicycle Dynamics

In this chapter, Hanna Gunn and Michael Patrick Lynch examine the connection between epistemic agency and the internet. They identify two conditions that are true of responsible epistemic agency: first, responsible epistemic agents aim to develop epistemic virtues, merit, and capacities that help them to responsibly change their epistemic environment, as well as the capacities that enable them to recognize and respect these epistemic traits in others. Second, responsible epistemic agents treat other epistemic agents with a form of respect that demonstrates a willingness to learn from them. Gunn and Lynch then show that the ways in which the internet makes information more widely available can also undermine our ability to be responsible epistemic agents. For instance, the personalization of online spaces can unwittingly lead users into echo chambers and filter-bubbles and away from a diverse range of perspectives, and fake news and information pollution can make for a hostile online epistemic environment.

In this paper, control oriented rational tyre models are developed and incorporated in the design of vehicle dynamics estimators and controllers. Previously proposed rational models are used to derive a generic rational tyre model whose parameters are obtained through the optimisation of an increased number of regression terms. The proposed model results in vehicle dynamic responses that closely follow those obtained with a Magic Formula tyre model for a range of driving scenarios, especially on low µ roads. The usage of rational tyre models in the design of again-scheduled active front steering controller working in coordination with a nonlinear observer is demonstrated in the second part of the paper where the vehicle model is expressed as a linear parameter varying system. This final step demonstrates the strength of the rational tyre models’ selected structure allowing the estimation of vehicle states through the estimation of the road adhesion coefficient which is obtained by simple algebraic computations.

Adjustment costs and dynamic factor demand models: A presentation of two approaches applied to the U.S. cigarette manufacturing

The reticulated model of scientific rationality includes the goal of the investigation, the method by which the goal is achieved, and the epistemic values needed to assess whether the goal was achieved by the applied method. I expand this model of rationality to include metaphysical assumptions and commitments that inform the origins of epistemic claims. I then explore the rational boundaries between the natural sciences and Christian theology in terms of goals, methods, and metaphysics. Finally, I discuss the advantages and problems of exploring the rational boundaries between science and theology.

The Econometric Analysis of Non-Uniqueness in Rational Expectations Models

In this paper, a control oriented rational tire model is developed and incorporated in a two-track vehicle dynamics model for the prospective design of vehicle dynamics controllers. The tire model proposed in this paper is an enhancement over previous rational models which have taken into account only the peaking and saturation behavior disregarding all other force generation characteristics. Simulation results have been conducted to compare the dynamics of a vehicle model equipped with a Magic Formula tire model, a rational tire model available in the literature and the present rational tire model. It has been observed that the proposed tire model results in vehicle responses that closely follow those obtained with the Magic Formula even for extreme driving scenarios conducted on roads with low adhesion coefficient.

This paper compares the generality, accuracy and computational speed of alternative approaches to solving linear rational expectations models, including the procedures of Sims (Solving linear rational expectations models, 1996), Anderson and Moore (Unpublished manuscript, 1983), Binder and Pesaran (Multivariate rational expectations models and macroeconometric modelling: A review and some new results, 1994), King and Watson (International Economic review, 39, 1015---1026, 1998), Klein (Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 24, 1405---1423, 1999), and Uhlig (A toolkit for analyzing nonlinear dynamic stochastic models easily, 1999). While all six procedures yield equivalent results for models with a unique stationary solution, the algorithm of Anderson and Moore (Unpublished manuscript, 1983) is the fastest and provides the highest accuracy; furthermore, the speed advantage increases with the size of the model.

The solution of dynamic linear rational expectations models

Sudan's twenty-five-year experiment with Islamic governance not only offers the researcher a unique site to observe Islamist interventions in practice, but also allows us to observe how these policies are consumed within the diverse publics to which they attend, which is the goal of this chapter. A study of the regime's project of epistemological enlightenment offers a way of answering questions such as: Has the Islamic project of the Inqadh been a success? To what extent has the government of Sudan accomplished its goal of instilling its Islamic program in the citizenry? Are new Muslim subjects emerging out of the era of National Salvation, or was the Inqadh period largely one of slogans that bore little fruit among the masses? The chapter attempts to get a better a sense of the impact of the Islamic state by tracing first the nature of the regime's Islamic epistemological project and then observing how it was both inhabited and contested by the Sudanese to whom it was directed. It shows both its indelible presence in Sudanese public life and its inability to be enclosed within the agenda of its makers.

A Test of the Satisfaction-Balance Decision Model Using Direct Numeric Estimation

This study examines the demand for cinema in Turkey using economic and other explanatory variables. The study includes annual data for the period 2009-2017 on 26 sub-regions of Turkey and a dynamic panel data analysis was performed. Furthermore, the validity of the rational addiction model developed by Becker and Murphy (1988) has been investigated for the Turkish cinema market and the role of addiction in cinema demand has been discussed. Estimation results from the dynamic panel data model show that the number of screen and the share of domestic films in total films are an important component in explaining cinema demand. Furthermore, the results showed that the demand for cinema is compatible with the rational addiction model.