Abstract
By using the Gaussian Z-scan technique, a transition from the self-focusing property to the self-defocusing property with a decrease in concentration under 11 ns pulse excitation in tetrasulfonated copper phthalocyanine (CuPcTs) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is observed, which is due to the coexistence of excited-state refraction and transient thermal-lens effect. The nonlinear optical properties of a CuPcTs/DMSO solution are investigated by using the top-hat Z-scan technique under different laser pulse excitations with the same fluence at 532 nm. The mechanism of the optical nonlinearities for the solution is studied by using an improved picosecond time-resolved pump–probe technique which can simultaneously measure the dynamic nonlinear absorption and refraction conveniently. The experimental results are described very well by using a simple three-level model and the theory of the transient thermal refraction in liquids. The values for the excited-state absorption and refraction cross section are also obtained.
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