Abstract
It has long been known that certain types of faults and unacceptable operating conditions on electric distribution feeders cannot be detected by using conventional protection practices. However, advanced digital system hardware and software methods are being used to develop new techniques for protection and on-line diagnosis of system operations. This paper presents newly developed methods for the detection of high impedance, low current faults using signal processing and pattern recognition techniques in computer relaying architecture with expert systems. The characteristics of these faults are described, including the analytical methods used to separate detection parameters from the overall frequency spectrum generated by the fault transients. Fault detection parameters are identified and algorithms suitable for computer relays are presented. Elements of a digital system architecture required to implement protection algorithms are discussed. Expert system methods used in the implementation of the protection and diagnosis software are also described.
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