Abstract
Numerical solutions are obtained of the equations of motion of a neutrally stratified atmospheric boundary layer passing over a two-dimensional hill or embankment. Both the boundary conditions and the mixing length profile in the turbulence closure are obtained from the results of recent wind structure research and apply to the whole of the Earth's boundary layer. Results for a wide range of hill and embankment shapes are presented, and are found to agree well with the corresponding available experimental data and other theoretical results. It is found that the speed-up effects are greatest near the surface of the hill top, where the magnitude of the ‘fractional speed-up ratio’ is approximately proportional to the maximum windward slope of the hill. A further interesting result is that inviscid solutions with boundary layer profiles provide good estimates of speed-up effects outside an ‘inner layer’ adjacent to the surface.
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