Computational and Invitro Evaluation of Aerial Part Extracts of Barringtonia acutangula in Preventing Postprandial Hyperglycemia

The present study aimed at the investigation of antioxidant activity, hepatoprotective activity in addition to the effect on hypothalamic-gonadal axis in adult male rat of total methanolic extract and different fractions of Chrozophora oblongifolia aerial parts. Methods: Antioxidant

Ornithogalum is a genus of wild herb species widely used as food and in traditional medicine. This study investigated some of the biologically active properties of Ornithogalum balansae grown in the eastern Black Sea region of Türkiye. The investigations were carried out using the methanolic extracts of the plant's aerial and bulbs (B1 and B2) parts. The phenolic composition was examined as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and HPLC-PDA. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was tested based on ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging methods. The anti-proliferative activity was tested against metastatic cell lines H1299 and H209, non-small-cell lung A549, and fibroblast MRC-5 cell lines using MTT and trypan blue methods. Wound-healing and invasion chamber assays were used to determine the inhibitory effects of the extracts on migration and invasion, respectively. The extract of the aerial part contained a large number of phenolic substances and high antioxidant capacity. The extract exhibited a significant anti-proliferative effect on the human lung cancer cells (A549 and H209), with IC50 values of 0.97 ± 0.04 and 1.06 ± 0.07 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the aerial part exhibited inhibition of migratory and invasive capacities in A549 cells at a concentration of 1.50 µg/mL. The findings associated with O. balansae suggest a promising therapeutic potential against lung cancer cells.

Dual effects of crude extracts obtained from Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae) on experimental anxiety in mice

Objective: Anxiety is one of the most common and serious mental illness affecting humankind and its extensiveness is on the rise at an alarming rate. Anxiolytic substances are highly acclaimed in the ranking of the most utilized drugs by human. The clinical applications of most widely used anxiolytic agents, that is, benzodiazepines are restricted by their undesirable side effects. Therefore, the development of new pharmacological agents for the treatment of this problem is well justified. Among medicinal plants, Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clover) has been recommended for relief of insomnia, convulsions, and as nervine tonic in traditional system of medicine. Nevertheless, no pharmacological studies have thus far evaluated its anxiolytic effect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate antianxiety effect of different extracts of M. officinalis in mice.Methods: The extracts of roots and aerial parts of the plant were prepared according to the polarity, that is, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and water. The anxiolytic effects of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous extract of aerial parts and roots of the plant (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o) were examined in albino mice using elevated plus maze (EPM) and mirror-chamber models of anxiety. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) studies were carried out using toluene: Acetone: Formic acid as mobile phase.Results: Various extracts prepared from roots did not produce significant effect in both the models, whereas the ethanol extract prepared from aerial parts at 100 and 200 mg/kg showed a significant anxiolytic effect as compared to control and standard group. The petroleum ether, chloroform, and water extracts (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of the aerial parts of the plant did not produce meaningful effects in this study. HPTLC analysis of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of nine components.Conclusion: These results suggest that the ethanol extract of aerial parts of M. officinalis plant has statistically significant dose-dependent antianxiety activity which can be attributed to the presence of coumarin, and flavonoid compounds in it.

In the present study, wild Astragalus gombiformis Pomel extracts were tested for their biological activities and phenolic amounts. Antibacterial activity of this species against various bacteria was tested by the paper disk agar diffusion method and determination of the minimal inhibitor concentration. DPPH and ABTS assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanol extracts. These extracts were also chemically investigated by spectrophotometric and HPLC analysis. For DPPH test, inhibitor concentrations 50% were 473.33±64.29 and 626.66±64.29µg/ml, respectively, for aerial part and roots methanol extracts. Ascorbic acid, used as positive control, showed an inhibitor concentration 50% of 7.36±0.70µg/ml. ABTS test showed that roots and aerial part extracts contain respectively, 47.13±0.05 and 79.81±1.31µmoles of Trolox equivalents per g of dry plant material weight. Chemical investigation showed that total polyphenols and flavonoids were three folds higher in aerial part methanolic extracts. The antioxidant potential seems to be correlated to the phenolic contents. Five among the tested extracts exhibited diameter of inhibition zone equal or above 12mm and with a minimal inhibitor concentration ranging between 233 and 1250µg/ml. However, no insecticidal effect of aerial part extracts was shown against Culex pipiens. It appears that both roots and aerial part of A. gombiformis extracts possess antioxidant and antibacterial effects and should be more studied for identification of active compounds.

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of Salvadora oleoides (S. oleoides) and Salvadora persica (S. persica) polyphenols as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. (2) Methods: Aerial parts and fruits of S. oleoides and S. persica were collected from the periphery of District Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. Methanol extracts were prepared using the Soxhlet extraction technique. Extract yield varied from 8.15 to 19.6 g/100 g dry plant material. RP-HPLC revealed the detection of thirteen phenolic aids and five flavonoids. Gallic acid, hydroxy benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, and cinamic acid were the major phenolic acids, whereas catechin, rutin, and myricetin were the flavonoids detected. (3) Results: Maximum total phenolic contents (TPCs) (22.2 mg/g of dry plant material) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs) (6.17 mg/g of dry plant material) were found in the fruit extract of S. persica, and the minimum TPC (11.9 mg/g) and TFC (1.72 mg/g) were found in the aerial part of S. oleoides. The fruit extract of S. persica showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of all the extracts was performed on albumin-induced rat paw edema that was comparable with the standard indomethacin; S. persica fruit extract showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity. Analgesic activity of aerial part and fruit extracts of S. oleoides and S. persica was investigated using a mouse model, and the results showed that maximum possible analgesia of fruit extracts of S. persica was 53.44%, which is better than the PC group (52.98%). (4) Conclusions: The variations in the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of methanolic extracts of S. oleoides and S. persica were found to be significant, and they have therapeutic potential as antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agents.

Allelopathic effects of Lyophyllum platypum mushroom extracts on seed germination of Cynanchum acutum subspecies acutum weed

Comprehensive bioactivity and chemical characterization of the endemic plant Scorzonera hieraciifolia Hayek extracts: A promising source of bioactive compounds

Objective Preparation and characterization of nano-emulsion formulations for Asparagus densiflorus aerial and root parts extracts. Significance Genus Asparagus is known for its antimicrobial and anticancer activities, however, freeze dried powder of aqueous – alcoholic extract prepared in this study, exhibited a limited water solubility, limiting its therapeutic application. Thus, encapsulation of its phytochemicals into nano-emulsion is proposed as a solution to improve water solubility, and facilitate its clinical translation. Methods the composition of extracts for both aerial and root parts of Asparagus densiflorus was identified by HPLC and LC-MS analysis. Nano-emulsion was prepared via homogenization where a mixture of Castor oil: phosphate buffered saline (10 mM, pH 7.4): Tween 80: PEG 600 in a ratio of 10: 5: 2.5: 2.5, respectively. Nano-emulsion formulations were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, TEM, viscosity and pH. Then, the antibacterial and anticancer activities of nano-emulsion formulations versus their pure plant counterparts was assessed. Results The analysis of extracts identified several flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins which were reported to have antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Nano-emulsion formulations were monodispersed with droplet sizes ranging from 80.27 ± 2.05 to 111.16 ± 1.97 nm, and polydispersity index ≤0.3. Nano-emulsion formulations enhanced significantly the antibacterial (multidrug resistant bacteria causing skin and dental soft tissues infections) and anticancer (HuH7, HEPG2, H460 and HCT116) activities compared to their pure plant extract counterparts. Conclusion Employing a nano-delivery system as a carrier for phytochemicals might be an effective strategy to enhance their pharmacological activity, overcome their limitations, and ultimately increase their potential for clinical applications.

Capparis spinosa aerial part and root extracts were prepared using solvents of varying polarity. Results showed that ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of the aerial part contains the highest concentration of phenolic compounds and flavonoids followed by the chloroform extract (CHE) of roots. The enzymatic methods were realised by the production of uric acid and reduction of cytochrome c. Result showed that all plant extracts were effective either in inhibiting the activity of XO or Cyt C. The IC50 ranges from 0.0226 ± 0.00019 to 4.32 ± 0.15g/l. The non enzymatic methods were conducted using in vitro techniques: In DPPH test, the radical scavenging activity for the root and aerial part extracts decreased in the following order CHE> EAE> CE and EAE> CE> CHE, respectively. In general the aerial part extracts had an antioxidant activity through ß-carotene-linoleate model system and ferric reducing ability greater than that of root part. In conclusion, Capparis spinosa appears to be a valuable plant and could be used to treat conditions where inhibition of XOR and free-radicals scavenging action are warranted.

Extraction of fruits, aerial parts and roots from Artocarpus gomezianus were subjected for pharmacognostic analysis. Also these parts were subjected tohydro-alcohol (30:70) extraction by soxhlet extraction technique. The raw materials were dried and powdered and analyzed for various parameters. The moisture content was found to be in the range of 4.97 per cent to 11.09 per cent, extractive values - 14.92 per cent to 18.75 per cent, chloroform solubility 1.15 per cent to 6.99 per cent and water solubility ranged between 4.52 per cent to 5.77 per cent. Fluorescence analysis and ash values were also determined. Extraction yields with 30:70 solvents indicate the quantitative idea about some of the proximate components. The results are important in planning the extraction, phytochemical analysis and determination of their various beneficial biological activities. The study was undertaken to evaluate qualitatively for the contents of carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, Phytosterols, Triterpenoids, oils and fats present in the extracts from the Fruit, Aerial parts and Roots of Artocarpus gomezianus . The extracts when tested qualitatively for various phytochemicals, they found to contain carbohydrates, Glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, phytosterols and Triterpinoids. However, they do not contain saponins, oils and fats. Quantitative estimation of extracts for total phenols and total flavonoids reveals that most parts contain reasonably higher amounts. The results clearly demonstrate that the extracts can be considered for further studies which evaluate the biological activity such as antioxidant activities. Antioxidant assays such as Nitric oxide scavenging assay, Ferric ion reducing activity assay, ABTS free radical scavenging activity assay and total antioxidant assays were performed to ascertain the potency of the extracts. Fruit extract of Artocarpus gomezianus was found to have maximum ferric ion reducing property than other parts studied. Nitric oxide scavenging activity was found to be higher in fruit followed by aerial and root parts. ABTS radical scavenging activity of aerial part extract is found to be 5 mg/ml compared to the standard ascorbic acid with 4 mg/ml. The total antioxidant activity was found to be significantly high for the extract from fruit part than the extracts from aerial and root parts. It is clear from the studies that the extracts of aerial parts, fruits and roots possess potentially beneficial antioxidant activities. In view of their use in ancient medicine coupled with the recent understandings of these plant species, they may be considered for further exploration as they may yield very potent nutraceuticals.

Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimutagenic activities, and phenolic compounds of Iris germanica

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant potential of Althaea rosea Cav., family Malvaceae, as well as to isolate and identify the flavonoid content of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts. In addition, a comparison between the TPC and antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extract of both aerial parts and flowers was carried out to discover new active constituents that can be utilized in drug industry. Materials and methods The extraction of the flavonoid compounds was carried out by percolation of the dried aerial parts of the plant under investigation with 70% methanol until exhaustion. The combined extract was then concentrated and defatted with petroleum ether (60-80°C). After separation of the lipoidal matter, the remaining extract was purified from mucilage and subjected to several column chromatographic techniques for isolation of the flavonoids. The identification of flavonoid compounds was carried out using physical, chemical, and spectral methods such as ultraviolet, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR. The antioxidant potential of the methanolic extracts of both aerial parts and flowers was determined using the s[table 2], 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity method. Furthermore, their TPC was also determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Results Five flavonoid compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of A. rosea Cav., which were identified as quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucuronopyranoside-8-C-β-d-glucopyranoside, kaempherol-3-O-β-d-rutinoside, kaempherol-4΄-O-β-d-glucoside, kaempherol-3-O-β-d-glucoside, and kaempherol. The antioxidant activity was measured in terms of their IC 50 . The IC 50 values of the methanolic extracts of the aerial parts and flowers were 11 and 1 mg/ml, respectively, whereas the TPCs were 48 and 73 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion The methanolic extracts of both aerial parts and flowers of A. rosea Cav. are rich in phenolic compounds and have a prominent antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of both extracts may be attributed to their phenolic content.

In vitro and in vivo assessment of the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of the Filipendula hexapetala and Filipendula ulmaria methanol extracts

BackgroundIn the context of searching for potent, safe, natural antimicrobial agents to combate the global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenomenon, the current study evaluates for the first time ever, the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of essential oil (EO) and extracts from the rare wild plant Centaurea pumilio L.. It has tremendous ethnomedicinal values; its dried root is used as a fattening agent, a treatment for bad breath and diabetes, and screened for schistosomicidal activity.MethodsC. pumilio EO was extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. Chemical constituents of aerial part were extracted using a sequential solvent/solvent procedure employing four solvents with increasing polarities in the following order: petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The chemical constituents were identified by GC-MS. Fifty-two microbial strains were used; twenty-six multidrug resistant (MDR), sixteen clinical, and ten reference strains. The identification of the microbial strains was performed by MALDI-TOF-MS. The antimicrobial activity of the EO and the aerial part and the root extracts was assessed through disc diffusion assay. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the EO and extracts was determined using the broth micro-dilution method.ResultsThe growth of reference and clinical strains was inhibited by EO, methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate aerial part extracts and chloroform root extract. The MDR strains growth, however, was inhibited only by EO and chloroform aerial part extract. GC-MS identified for the first time eighteen constituents from aerial part EO and chloroform extract each. EO showed antimicrobial activity against the reference, clinical, and MDR strains with MIC values of 31.25–125, 31.25–125, and 62.50–250 μg/mL, respectively. Methanol aerial part extract exhibited high antimicrobial activities with MIC values of 62.50–250 μg/mL against reference and clinical strains. Chloroform root extract displayed strong antimicrobial activity against reference and clinical strains recording MIC values of 62.50–250 μg/mL and 62.50–125 μg/mL, respectively. The chloroform aerial part extract demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against the reference, clinical, and MDR strains with 31.25, 31.25, and 15.62 μg/mL MIC values, respectively.ConclusionsPresent data unravel the C. pumilio pharmacological magnitude to discover eco-friendly potent antimicrobial agents to fight AMR phenomenon.