Computational and experimental evaluation of the corrosion inhibition of magnesium in the presence of acids/Esters in saline solutions

Corrosion inhibition behavior of expired diclofenac Sodium drug for Al 6061 alloy in aqueous media: Electrochemical, morphological, and theoretical investigations

Synergistic corrosion inhibition effects of the non-hazardous cerium nitrate and tannic acid polyphenolic molecules on the surface of mild-steel in chloride-containing solution: Detailed surface and electrochemical explorations

Graphene skeletal nanotemplate coordinated with pH-Responsive porous Double-Ligand Metal-Organic frameworks (DL-MOFs) through ligand exchange theory for High-Performance smart coatings

To assess the vascular effects of detomidine and xylazine in pony mares and heifers, respectively, as determined in a major artery and by extent of vascular perfusion of reproductive organs. 10 pony mares and 10 Holstein heifers. Pony mares were assigned to receive physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (n = 5) or detomidine (3.0 mg/mare, IV; 5). Heifers were assigned to receive saline solution (5) or xylazine (14 mg/heifer, IM; 5). Color Doppler ultrasonographic examinations were performed immediately before and 10 minutes after administration of saline solution or sedative. In spectral Doppler mode, a spectral graph of blood flow velocities during a cardiac cycle was obtained at the internal iliac artery and at the ovarian pedicle. In color-flow mode, color signals of blood flow in vessels of the corpus luteum and endometrium were assessed. Systemic effects of sedation in the 2 species were evident as a decrease in heart rate; increase in duration of systole, diastole, or both; decrease in volume of blood flow; and decrease in velocity of blood flow within the internal iliac artery. However, an effect of sedatives on local vascular perfusion in the ovaries and endometrium was not detected. Sedation with detomidine in pony mares and xylazine in heifers did not affect vascular perfusion in reproductive organs. These sedatives can be used in experimental and clinical color Doppler evaluations of vascular perfusion of the corpus luteum and endometrium.

In this paper, corrosion inhibition potential of two biological compounds namely azadirachta indica and enzyme on corrosion of mild steel was investigated. The weight loss analysis method was used to assess the corrosion losses in mild steel exposed to saline solutions with or without inhibitors over a period of 576 days and the corrosion rates, inhibitors’ efficiencies and surface coverage were determined. The results showed that the rate of corrosion of mild steel generally does not change significantly after 400 days of continuous exposure to the same solution. Addition of enzyme to low and high saline solutions significantly reduced the corrosion rate of mild steel relative to the use of saline solutions alone. High corrosion inhibition efficiency was observed with the application of enzyme and its efficient concentration was found to be 2 wt.% in both low and high saline solutions. The corrosion inhibition of azadirachta indica was however found to be more efficient in low saline solution and an optimum concentration of 2 wt.% was efficient in this environment but in high saline solution, higher concentration of 10 wt.% is required for efficient corrosion inhibition.

The effect of Oil Palm Elaeis guineensis leaves Extract as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in saline solution has been investigated The carbon steel was cut and machined to corrosion coupons and immersed into M NaOH solution containing varying inhibitor concentrations v v within fifteen weeks This paper reports the results obtained from the weight loss method calculated corrosion rates variation of surface coverage with temperature variation of activation energy and heat of adsorption From the result it was found that the adsorption of Elaeis guineensis reduced the corrosion rate of the steel in saline solution The most suitable inhibitor concentration was found to be with inhibition efficiency of The results obtained shows that the extract could serve as an effective inhibitor for the corrosion of carbon steel in saline solution with a concentration of The mechanism of inhibition is by chemisorptions and the adsorbed molecules of the inhibitor lies on the surface of the alloy blocking the active corrosion sites on the alloy Hence giving the alloy a higher corrosion resistance in the studied environment

Compatibility of fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces and addition of inhibitors in designing corrosion prevention strategies for electrodeposited nickel in saline solutions

A poly(itaconic acid-co-sodium vinylsulphonate) (PIASVS) was theoretically studied and experimentally evaluated as an inhibitory agent against the growth of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) crystals, in both non-saline and saline solutions. Density functional theory revealed that the CaSO4 crystal precipitation could be precluded through the effective pairing of Ca2+ and SO42− ions by carboxylic group polymer heads and that, moreover, the Na+ cations of the sulphonate polymer heads could be easily replaced by Ca2+. With PIASVS concentration of 50 ppm, lower than what is required in oil recovery processes, the polymer inhibited 33% in CaSO4 crystals growth in non-saline solution, but the salt increased the inhibitory performance of PIASVS up to 54%. Thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry techniques showed that PIASVS changed the CaSO4 crystal morphology from a bassanite phase in non-saline solution to a bassanite/gypsum mix. The crystal morphology observations along with the conductivity measurements confirmed the pairing of ions from dissolved CaSO4 by NaCl and PIASVS. Dynamic light scattering revealed that, the PIASVS cluster size increased in non-saline solution but decreased in saline solutions, suggesting that NaCl increases the PIASVS solubility in aqueous solution. The performance of PIASVS as anti-scaling agent was found to be suitable for the conditions found in the Mexican oil reservoirs.

The concentration effect of Tamarix Aphylla (TA) extract was investigated as a green corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel (E24) in saline solution. The extract was obtained by the maceration method using ethanol solution. Subsequently, the composition of the TA extract was characterized through a combination of phytochemical analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The TA extract was found to be rich in polyphenols (582.5 mg GAE per g of dry weight), with vanillic and para-coumaric acids as the primary polyphenolic compounds. Additionally, the extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 5.33 mg mL−1. These results suggest that TA could be an effective corrosion inhibitor. For this reason, it was tested as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for E24. Corrosion inhibition performance was assessed using several electrochemical techniques: open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel) measurements to determine the optimal inhibitor concentration for minimising the corrosion rate of steel. The morphology of the steel surface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the TA extract, at an optimal concentration of 50 ppm, provides excellent corrosion protection in saline solution (∼98% inhibition according to Tafel and ∼80% according to EIS). TA acted as an anodic inhibitor. In this study, the extract effectively formed a protective film on the steel surface, enhancing its resistance to corrosion. At higher concentrations, the protective efficiency decreased, likely due to heterogeneous film formation, as shown by SEM-EDX analyses. TA adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic and electrochemical data suggest mainly physisorption. The corrosion inhibition mechanism was shown to be strongly dependent on the extract concentration, and a comprehensive explanation is provided below, suggesting a potential for practical application in corrosion prevention.

An inhibitive system to mitigate the corrosion of AA2024-T3 in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution: Utilizing the synergistic effect of cerium cations and benzimidazole molecules

Herein, we report the synthesis, structural characterization and corrosion assay of a metal phosphonate – Mg(GLY)(H2O)2 obtained from a tridentate ligand N,N-bis-phosphonomethylglycine (GLY) and a magnesium salt (MgSO4·7H2O). The phosphonate was obtained by hydrothermal method at 80°C and also under ultrasounds conditions at 60°C. The FTIR, X-ray powder diffraction, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis were performed in order to fully characterize the synthesized compounds and polarization experiments (CP) and electrochemical spectroscopy (EIS) to investigate the corrosion inhibition properties. The FTIR confirm the formation of magnesium phosphonate, and the X-ray diffraction showed the formation of a semi-crystalline compound. The elemental analysis confirmed the number of water molecules per formula unit of Mg(HO3PCH2)2N(H)CH2COO·2H2O. The presence of nitrogen atom and phosphonate groups in the metal phosphonate structure anticipated that the presence of the small quantity of Mg(GLY)(H2O)2 in saline solution will provide a positive effect on iron surface and act as a corrosion inhibitor. From the CP curves recorded in an aerated nitric saline solution, corrosion parameters (corrosion potential –Ecorr, corrosion density current – Jcorr, polarization resistance – Rp and corrosion rate – Rcorr) were extracted from Tafel plots. The decrease in Jcorr is associated with a shift in Ecorr to more negative values. These results suggest that metal phosphonate behaves as a mixed-type inhibitor, by reducing both the cathodic and anodic reactions. The optimum inhibitor concentration determined was 2 mM. At this concentration the corrosion rate decreases by 23% fold comparatively with iron in nitric acid solution without metal phosphonate. The EIS data in agreement with the polarization measurement resulted from polarization data.

A detailed atomic level computational and electrochemical exploration of the Juglans regia green fruit shell extract as a sustainable and highly efficient green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

Corrosion of API 5L Grade B steel is a common challenge in industries where the material is exposed to corrosive environments, such as saline solutions. To combat this issue, corrosion inhibitors are often used to protect the steel. This study explores the effectiveness of two inhibitors—Triethanolamine (TEA) and Cocamide DEA (CDEA)—in reducing corrosion on API 5L Grade B steel. By calculating the corrosion rate and inhibitor efficiency, we evaluated the protective properties of each substance. The results showed that TEA provided better corrosion protection, with a corrosion rate of 0.00045 mpy, compared to CDEA’s rate of 0.0009 mpy. Additionally, TEA demonstrated a higher inhibitor efficiency of 70.97%, while CDEA showed only 41.94%. These findings suggest that TEA is a more effective choice for preventing corrosion in API 5L Grade B steel, offering a viable solution to enhance the material’s durability in harsh environments.

Objective We aim to describe an experimental model for studying femoral fractures in rats after exposure to ionizing radiation, demonstrating a way to apply a substance for analysis, the method for patterning fracture and irradiation, and how to evaluate its effectiveness based on radiographic studies. Methods We used 24 rats divided into 2 groups of 12 animals each. The STUDY group was exposed to ionizing radiation and treated with saline solution, and the CONTROL group was not exposed to radiation and was treated with saline solution. All animals were subjected to standardized fracture of the right femur that was fixed with intramedullary wire. The efficiency of the bone union was assessed by radiographic exam. Results Fracture healing was more efficient in bones not exposed to ionizing radiation ( p = 0.012). All fractures met the criteria of being simple, diaphyseal, transverse or short oblique. Conclusion The experimental model presented is an efficient alternative for the study of fractures in irradiated bones in rats.

The primary goal of the industry is to understand the best application of each metal alloy in terms of corrosion resistance [1]. The industrial is interested in exploring alternative ways to mitigate this corrosive process in a sustainable and economically viable manner [2]. One technique to combat this problem is the use of compounds known as corrosion inhibitors. However, some of these compounds are harmful to the environment and human health [3]. Therefore, there is a need for new corrosion inhibitors with minimal toxicity that can be used under a variety of operating conditions, such as unusual CO2 concentrations that alter the pH level and temperature [4]. Protic ionic liquids (PILs) have the advantage/difference of the sustainability factor over other corrosion inhibitors because they are obtained from a simple acid-base synthesis, are more readily degradable in the environment, and are not bioaccumulative. Thus, using PILs as novel sustainable corrosion inhibitors is an interesting possibility. This work evaluates the performance of PILs as corrosion inhibitors under different conditions, including concentration, temperature, and pH. It also encompasses conducting a thorough surface characterization analysis of metallic samples after exposure in each condition studied.