Compressive load capacity of CHS X-joints: The Efficacy of doubler plates

Abstract

This study explores the effects of doubler plates and alterations in joint configuration, on the static characteristics of X-joints made from circular hollow sections (CHS) with slender walls, concentrating on how they withstand compressive forces applied to the braces. A detailed finite element analysis (FEA) was launched. Its accuracy verified through experimental tests carried out by the research team and by comparing it with existing studies. The investigation included an extensive parametric analysis (by generating 204 models) to evaluate changes in initial stiffness, load capacity, and modes of failure, with a focus on the importance of interactions between the chord and plates and the impact of geometric and material nonlinearities. Findings revealed that the doubler plates significantly improve the maximum load bearing capacity and failure modes under various joint geometrical scenarios. While the benefits of doubler plates in enhancing the durability of X-joints are clear, their effectiveness under axial load was not studied. Based on these insights, the research introduces a new theoretical design equation, based on yield volume theory and nonlinear regression, to accurately forecast the ultimate load capacity of the joints.