Abstract
Zinc plant residue (ZPR) is a secondary material generated during hydrometallurgical zinc production that contains considerable contents of valuable elements such as Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, Ag, In, Ga, Tl. Zinc, copper and accompanying elements in ZPR are in different minerals, mainly in the ferrites. A promising approach for recycling ZPR is the sulfating roasting using iron sulfates followed by water leaching. In this study, the composition of ZPR and the obtained products were thoroughly investigated by various methods including X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), chemical phase analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The effect of temperature, amount of iron sulfates and roasting time on the conversion of valuable metals into a water-soluble form was thermodynamically and experimentally studied both using pure ferrites and ZPR. Based on the results of time-resolved XRD analysis and synchronous thermal analysis (STA), a mechanism of the sulfation roasting was elucidated. The rate-controlling step of zinc and copper sulfation process during the ZPR roasting was estimated. The sulfating roasting at 600 °C during 180 min with the optimal Fe2(SO4)3∙9H2O addition followed by water leaching enables to recover 99% Zn and 80.3% Cu, while Fe, Pb, Ag, In, Ga retained almost fully in the residue.
Highlights
Zinc complex sulfide ores are the main raw materials for zinc production that contain associated components such as lead, copper, cadmium, silver, gold, bismuth, indium, gallium and thallium [1]
This paper focuses on the investigation of the mechanism of zinc and copper sulfation, as well as a behavior of iron, cadmium, lead, silver, indium, gallium and thallium during the roasting of zinc plant residue (ZPR) with iron sulfates
Our study has shown that there is no difference in the mechanism of the both iron (II) and (III) sulfates influence; the distinction is only a different required amount of a sulfating agent based on the one or the other iron sulfate for the process
Summary
Zinc complex sulfide ores are the main raw materials for zinc production that contain associated components such as lead, copper, cadmium, silver, gold, bismuth, indium, gallium and thallium [1]. During the roasting, besides highly soluble zinc oxide, a certain amount of zinc and other valuable non-ferrous metals reacts with iron to obtain ferrites of a low solubility. It necessitates the application of additional stages after the leaching of zinc oxide to extract the remaining ferritic zinc. The study presents the results of multifactorial research of the effect of temperature, roasting time and amount of iron sulfates on the conversion of non-ferrous metals into water-soluble form both using pure zinc and copper ferrites, as well as ZPR
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