Abstract
Spectral fluorescence signature, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for identification of chemical and bioactive compounds were applied to study the plant extracts of Withania somnifera, Centella asiatica and Bacopa monnieri which are related to the possible treatment of mental diseases as Alzheimer, Parkinson and Depression. These plants are known for different positive phytotherapeutic effects on the human brain without negative post-, adverse or after effects to the treated individuals, and have been recommended in several medical studies. Therefore, we selected these plants for further analysis, based on the inhibition results of in vitro Amyloid Beta fibrillation tests made by previous measurements. With this study a first screening of the complex plant extract mixtures was performed, to get an initial overview about known and unknown ingredients. In all three plants, similar main compounds were identified, however in different quality and quantity. These may provide substantial information on which compound combinations might be mainly responsible for the positive effects and should be further investigated being responsible for reducing the fibrillation process of Amyloid Beta.
Highlights
In contrast to plant-derived synthetic medicines which are often associated with adverse effects and mostly target onto a single symptom, phytotherapy is commonly based on traditional knowledge of plants and their expected medical functions on so-called “medicinal wisdom of centuries” [1] [2] [3] and its increasing importance has been discussed [2] [3] [4] [5]
Based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Spectral Fluorescence Signature (SFS) investigations AS, GK and Bacopa monnieri (BR) bioactive compounds were analyzed and statistically significant substances were indicated according to literature and databases
The screenings provide evidence of expected compounds, i.e. membrane proteins, amino acids, minerals, withaferin A (AS), asiaticosides (GK) and bacoside A (BR), and some new and unexpected ingredients were identified which were contained in the NIST and Metlin library [29] [30], like reduced vitamin K, vitamin E, coniferin, and cortisol 21-sulfate
Summary
In contrast to plant-derived synthetic medicines which are often associated with adverse effects and mostly target onto a single symptom, phytotherapy is commonly based on traditional knowledge of plants and their expected medical functions on so-called “medicinal wisdom of centuries” [1] [2] [3] and its increasing importance has been discussed [2] [3] [4] [5]. This motivates the usage of natural products which provides promoting medical effects without complications [4]. We applied Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Spectral Fluorescence Signature (SFS) on related nutraceuticals and plant extracts
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