Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalences of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, both of which are components of metabolic syndrome, are known to be increased among patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but remain undetermined among patients with smoldering MM (SMM).MethodsChanges in various components of metabolic syndrome were investigated during the follow-up of patients with either MM or SMM compared to healthy controls. The data of 153 patients (105 with MM and 48 with SMM) and 138 controls were accessed from our medical center’s records between 2008 and 2015. We analyzed the patients’ data at diagnosis (baseline) and after 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up.ResultsPatients with SMM had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia at baseline compared to controls. A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed a higher risk to develop dyslipidemia after 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up among the SMM patients. The MM patients had a higher risk to develop diabetes after 1 year, hypertension after 5 years, and dyslipidemia after 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that patients with SMM and those with MM are more prone to develop various components of metabolic syndrome, and they stress the importance of following-up metabolic syndrome components in both groups of patients.
Highlights
The prevalences of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, both of which are components of metabolic syndrome, are known to be increased among patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but remain undetermined among patients with smoldering MM (SMM)
Patient population We conducted a prospective historical study on three cohorts: 1) SMM patients who were monitored at Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (TASMC); 2) MM patients who were treated at TASMC; 3) healthy individuals who were undergoing routine medical checkups at the Institute for Preventive Medical Examinations at TASMC and comprised the control group
A total of 184 patients diagnosed with MM or SMM were treated in the hematological department of the TASMC during the study period
Summary
The prevalences of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, both of which are components of metabolic syndrome, are known to be increased among patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but remain undetermined among patients with smoldering MM (SMM). Patients treated for MM reportedly have an increased incidence of hypertension, as well as more numerous events of malignant hypertension compared to non-MM individuals. This is at least partly attributable to high-dose steroid treatment. Even at baseline, before steroid treatment had been initiated, the prevalence of hypertension among MM patients approached 38–47% [18, 19]. Hachem et al described a tendency toward hypocholesterolemia in MM patients, and observed that it increases with the severity of the disease [20]
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