Component-resolved diagnostics of fruit and vegetable allergy: precise identification and individualized treatment strategies

Abstract

Vegetable and fruit allergies are common types of food allergies worldwide, most of them are triggered by primary sensitization to pollen. Most allergens in vegetables and fruits belong to a few cross-reactive proteins such as PR-10 proteins, profilins, and nsLTPs. The presence of these allergens in various plants can lead to widespread cross-reactive allergic responses. Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) can improve diagnostic accuracy by precisely identifying specific allergenic proteins, aiding physicians in making more accurate treatment and management decisions, and reducing unnecessary food avoidance. This article, based on the "Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0 (MAUG 2.0)" issued by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), analyzes the primary mechanisms, relevant allergens, and diagnostic and clinical management strategies for vegetable and fruit allergies. By detailing and analyzing these allergenic components, this article may help the healthcare professionals to deep the understandings of vegetable and fruit allergies, offer new perspectives and practical guideline for the research and treatment of these allergies, and promot the development of precise diagnostics and personalized treatment strategies.