Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus group subsp., such as M. massiliense, M. abscessus sensu stricto and M. bolletii, are an environmental organism found in soil, water and other ecological niches, and have been isolated from respiratory tract infection, skin and soft tissue infection, postoperative infection of cosmetic surgery. To determine the unique genetic feature of M. massiliense, we sequenced the complete genome of M. massiliense type strain JCM 15300 (corresponding to CCUG 48898). Comparative genomic analysis was performed among Mycobacterium spp. and among M. abscessus group subspp., showing that additional ß-oxidation-related genes and, notably, the mammalian cell entry (mce) operon were located on a genomic island, M. massiliense Genomic Island 1 (MmGI-1), in M. massiliense. In addition, putative anaerobic respiration system-related genes and additional mycolic acid cyclopropane synthetase-related genes were found uniquely in M. massiliense. Japanese isolates of M. massiliense also frequently possess the MmGI-1 (14/44, approximately 32%) and three unique conserved regions (26/44; approximately 60%, 34/44; approximately 77% and 40/44; approximately 91%), as well as isolates of other countries (Malaysia, France, United Kingdom and United States). The well-conserved genomic island MmGI-1 may play an important role in high growth potential with additional lipid metabolism, extra factors for survival in the environment or synthesis of complex membrane-associated lipids. ORFs on MmGI-1 showed similarities to ORFs of phylogenetically distant M. avium complex (MAC), suggesting that horizontal gene transfer or genetic recombination events might have occurred within MmGI-1 among M. massiliense and MAC.
Highlights
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are classified into slowly growing mycobacterium (SGM) and rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) species; some of these bacteria cause pulmonary diseases [1]
Among RGM, the Mycobacterium abscessus group has been shown to be an emerging respiratory pathogen in cystic fibrosis, non-cystic-fibrosis bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [2, 3, 4, 5, 6], and is an environmental organism found in soil, water and other ecological niches [7, 8]
The 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis suggested complete identity of M. massiliense JCM 15300 to M. abscessus ATCC 19977 and M. bolletii BD (Fig. 1C). These results indicate that M. massiliense is difficult to distinguish among the three M. abscessus subspecies using 16S rRNA gene phylogeny and that the three subspecies belong to the M. abscessus group as suggested by many reports
Summary
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are classified into slowly growing mycobacterium (SGM) and rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) species; some of these bacteria cause pulmonary diseases [1]. The M. abscessus group consists of three subspecies, M. abscessus subsp. It was recently reported that M. massiliense caused cutaneous infections that could not be attributed to a prior invasive procedure [16]. Phylogenetic analyses of the M. abscessus group have been performed, putative virulence factors of M. abscessus sensu stricto have been identified and studied, and the comparative whole-genome analysis of M. abscessus group isolated from patients of wide geographical origin have been performed [4, 17, 18, 19]; a detailed comparative analysis of M. abscessus group subspp. In the current study, we sequenced the complete M. massiliense JCM 15300 (CCUG 48898) genome and compared it with that of M. abscessus group subspecies
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