Abstract

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo el estudio del perfil competencial de 228 jóvenes en situación de fracaso escolar participantes en 18 programas de formación inicial para el trabajo en 7 municipios del área metropolitana de Barcelona, a partir del análisis del autoconcepto y de la percepción que éstos poseen de su nivel de dominio de las competencias básicas y de la percepción que otros (16 tutores de formación y 9 agentes empresariales) tienen al respecto. Los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación de instrumentos como cuestionarios y entrevistas anticipan diferentes percepciones del nivel de dominio de las competencias analizadas, pero que evidencian una tendencia positiva respecto al autoconcepto y percepción de las mismas, y orientan un modelo interrelacionado de competencias a partir del cual articular propuestas de mejora en los procesos de formación profesional inicial orientados a la reinserción educativa y sociolaboral de estos jóvenes en situación de exclusión educativo-sociolaboral. This research suggests improvements in guidance processes and initial vocational training of young people between 15-21 years old that are at risk of educational, social and labour exclusion, drawing on the needs emanating from the findings. The present study is based on a comparative analysis of the self-perception of the mastery of key competencies of 228 young people involved in 18 training programmes in the surrounding area of Barcelona, Spain, and others’ perceptions on the matter (16 tutors and 9 entrepreneurs). The results show differences between the perceptions of the two groups of participants. Based on the findings, an interrelated model of key skills was designed. In this model, linguistic competence, learning to learn competence, social-citizenship competence and labour competence become the axis that articulate the connections between competencies. Likewise, this model sets training guidelines within these training programmes.

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