Abstract
This article presents the current and important results of bioaerosol studies which allow for the comparison of microbial contamination of air in 11 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which differed in terms of capacity from 350 to 200,000 m3/day. The abundance of mesophilic bacteria, M+ and M− Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Actinobacteria, coliform and psychrophilic bacteria, and microscopic fungi was determined. Additionally, the air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, and direction were also analyzed at each research station. The obtained very numerous results of bioaerosol and climate parameter studies were subjected to statistical analysis. The results regarding the minimum, maximum, and median abundance of the studied bacteria and microscopic fungi at 11 WWTPs and in background studies at control stations were presented in tables. Additionally, basic descriptive statistics for all studied microorganisms at specific seasons were presented. It was established that at the areas of WWTPs, the microscopic fungi were present that the highest concentrations (ranging from 0 to 1,148,530 CFU m−3), followed by psychrophilic bacteria (ranging from 40 to 225,000 CFU m−3) and mesophilic bacteria (ranging from 0 to 195,000 CFU m−3). The novel elaboration of bioaerosol study results based on cluster analysis and determination of a dendrogram allowed to compare the studied WWTPs. The similarity was decided based on the type of studied microorganisms and their dominance and abundance, while no similarities were observed in terms of capacity. In order to investigate the relation between the abundance of bacterial groups as well as microscopic fungi and microclimatic parameters (air temperature and humidity), a calculation of Spearman’s range correlation coefficients was conducted.
Highlights
The problems associated with the contamination of atmospheric air are becoming increasingly important in the modern world
Biological aerosols, often called bioaerosols, are colloidal systems in which the dispersed phase consists of microorganisms, their metabolites, toxins, and fragments which occur in the form of fine droplets or solid particles suspended in air, which serves as the dispersive phase (Bauer et al 2002; Fuzzi et al 2006; Tomasi and Lupi 2017)
Due to the lack of a normality of abundance of bacteria and microscopic fungi, a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the microorganisms during the four seasons and in the annual cycle in the 11 studied wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in order to investigate the differences in the average abundance level of these microorganisms
Summary
The problems associated with the contamination of atmospheric air are becoming increasingly important in the modern world. Aerobiology has been distinguished as an interdisciplinary science dealing with the study of bioaerosols, microorganisms, and biological materials associated with atmospheric air. Biological aerosols, often called bioaerosols, are colloidal systems in which the dispersed phase consists of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses), their metabolites, toxins, and fragments which occur in the form of fine droplets or solid particles suspended in air, which serves as the dispersive phase (Bauer et al 2002; Fuzzi et al 2006; Tomasi and Lupi 2017). It was simultaneously established that there is a fundamental difference in the quality and quantity of microorganisms in the external and internal environment (Brągoszewska et al 2018)
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