Comparison of Vitamin D Levels in Pre And Post Menopausal Type 2 Diabetic Females

Abstract

Background: Incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. The role of vitamin D through pancreatic beta cells function is to increase the sensitivity and secretion of insulin. Low vitamin D levels are associated with impaired glucose metabolism. Estrogen hormone activates vitamin D and increase vitamin D receptors (VDR). In menopause, due to decline of estrogen hormone leading to further deficiency of vitamin D (25OH vitamin D). Aims and objective: 1.To find out the levels of vitamin D in pre and post menopausal diabetic (type 2) females. 2. Comparison of vitamin D level in the two groups. 3. To established a correlation between vitamin D (25OH vitamin D) and fasting blood glucose level. Method: The study was conducted in Govt. Medical College, Kota and attached group of hospitals during January 2015 to July 2015. A total of 70 diabetes mellitus type 2 females of age group between 40 -70 years were included, out of which 40 were post menopausal and 30 were pre menopausal diabetic females. Estimation of vitamin D (25OH vitamin D) was done by chemiluminescence in Hormonal Assay Lab, Biochemistry Department, Govt. Medical College, Kota. Serum level of vitamin D were categorized into normal (≥30 ng /ml or 75 nmol/l ), insufficient (≥ 20 to <30 ng/ml) and deficient (< 20 ng/ml or 50 nmol/l). Results: Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was seen in 60 % and 80 % of diabetic pre and post menopausal females respectively. There was an inverse association of vitamin D level and Fasting Blood Glucose. Pearson correlation coefficient was -0.55. p value is <0.05 which is significant. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is higher in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients as it is related to glucose control. The deficiency was more in post menopausal diabetic females as compare to pre menopausal diabetic females due to decrease in estrogen hormone.