Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the most important viruses of grapevine but, despite this, there remain several gaps in our understanding of its biology. Because of its narrow host range - limited to Vitis species - and because the virus is restricted to the phloem, most GLRaV-3 research has concentrated on epidemiology and the development of detection assays. The recent discovery that GLRaV-3 can infect Nicotiana benthamiana, a plant model organism, makes new opportunities available for research in this field. We used RNA-seq to compare both V. vinifera and P1/HC-Pro N. benthamiana host responses to GLRaV-3 infection. Our analysis revealed that the majority of DEGs observed between the two hosts were unique although responses between the two hosts also showed several shared gene expression results. When comparing gene expression patterns that were shared between the two hosts, we observed the downregulation of genes associated with stress chaperones, and the induction of gene families involved in primary plant physiological processes. This is the first analysis of gene expression profiles beyond Vitis to mealybug-transmitted GLRaV-3 and demonstrates that N. benthamiana could serve as a useful tool for future studies of GLRaV-3-host interactions.
Highlights
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the most important viruses of grapevine but, despite this, there remain several gaps in our understanding of its biology
RNAseq data were mapped to the respective N. benthamiana or V. vinifera genome and the results of that mapping assessed (Table 1)
The discovery that GLRaV-3 could infect the model host N. benthamiana is an important finding for a research field where studies have been limited by a difficult host-pathogen system[4]
Summary
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the most important viruses of grapevine but, despite this, there remain several gaps in our understanding of its biology. When comparing gene expression patterns that were shared between the two hosts, we observed the downregulation of genes associated with stress chaperones, and the induction of gene families involved in primary plant physiological processes This is the first analysis of gene expression profiles beyond Vitis to mealybug-transmitted GLRaV-3 and demonstrates that N. benthamiana could serve as a useful tool for future studies of GLRaV-3-host interactions. RNA-seq has quickly become the preferred tool for gene expression analyses in important model hosts like N. benthamiana This popular experimental host has become an indispensable tool in plant virology because of its susceptibility to infection by a large number of diverse plant viruses, perhaps because of a naturally occurring mutation in an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene[7]. It is our hope that together with these studies, the gene expression profiles in response to GLRaV-3 infection in two distinct hosts will help gain a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions of GLD
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