Comparison of the Pathogenesis of Single or Dual Infections with Type 1 and Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the pathogenicity of single or dual infections with type 1 and type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pigs. Pigs were inoculated intranasally with type 1 or type 2 PRRSV or both viruses together. Pigs infected with type 1 and type 2 PRRSV together had significantly (P <0.05) fewer genomic copies of type 1 PRRSV than did pigs infected with type 1 PRRSV alone. Pigs infected with type 2 PRRSV alone or type 1 and type 2 PRRSV together had significantly (P <0.05) higher gross and microscopical lung lesion scores than did pigs infected with type 1 PRRSV alone. Pigs infected with type 2 PRRSV alone or type 1 and type 2 PRRSV together had significantly (P <0.05) higher scores for PRRSV-positive cells in the lung than did pigs infected with type 1 PRRSV alone. Pigs infected with type 1 PRRSV alone had significantly (P <0.05) higher scores for type 1 PRRSV-positive cells in the lung than did pigs infected with both types of PRRSV together. Pigs infected with both types of PRRSV together developed similar clinical disease and lesions as pigs infected with type 2 PRRSV alone. Significant differences in virulence were not observed between pigs infected with type 2 PRRSV alone and pigs infected with both types of PRRSV together in terms of viraemia, lung lesion score and virus distribution within lung lesions.