Abstract
The radiometric calibration equations for the thermal emissive bands (TEB) and the reflective solar bands (RSB) measurements of the earth scenes by the polar satellite sensors, (Terra and Aqua) MODIS and Suomi NPP (VIIRS), and geostationary sensors, GOES Imager and the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) are analyzed towards calibration algorithm harmonization on the basis of SI traceability which is one of the goals of the NOAA National Calibration Center (NCC). One of the overarching goals of NCC is to provide knowledge base on the NOAA operational satellite sensors and recommend best practices for achieving SI traceability for the radiance measurements on-orbit. As such, the calibration methodologies of these satellite optical sensors are reviewed in light of the recommended practice for radiometric calibration at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The equivalence of some of the spectral bands in these sensors for their end products is presented. The operational and calibration features of the sensors for on-orbit observation of radiance are also compared in tabular form. This review is also to serve as a quick cross reference to researchers and analysts on how the observed signals from these sensors in space are converted to radiances.
Highlights
The current activity at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NationalCalibration Center (NCC) for calibration algorithm harmonization and establishing SI traceability for satellite optical sensor measurements can be traced back to late 1980s
The review shows that the calibration algorithm harmonization facilitated by NOAA National Calibration Center (NCC), accounting for all the contributions to the radiometric signal based on SI traceable measurements from pre-launch to post launch is being implemented at NOAA/NESDIS/STAR following the best practice guidelines going from MODIS to Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and GOES to GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)
The new sensors VIIRS and GOES-R ABI have SI traceable standards for on-orbit radiometric calibration having the methodology evolved from lessons learned from the legacy sensors MODIS and GOES
Summary
Calibration Center (NCC) for calibration algorithm harmonization and establishing SI traceability for satellite optical sensor measurements can be traced back to late 1980s. The recommended practice for enabling harmonization and establishing SI traceability gathered more impetus for meeting the need for high accuracy observations across the globe for monitoring climate change. A series of workshops sponsored by NOAA and supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National. 2016, 8, 126 harmonization following best practices for achieving SI traceability of operational sensors [2,3,4,5,6,7]. The center’s knowledge base helps the Calibration Working Groups (CWG) and teams on each operational sensor at NOAA/NESDIS/STAR to work with NASA and the instrument vendors towards Remote Sens. 2016, 8, 126 harmonization following best practices for achieving SI traceability of operational sensors [2,3,4,5,6,7].
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