Abstract
Smartphones present multiple applications for ambulatory practice. One of the newer technologies is smartphone-based electrocardiography (ECG). While this technology has been explored in horses and cattle, it has not yet been evaluated for goats. Fifteen goats of dairy and meat breeds were simultaneously tested with both a standard and smartphone-based ECG from two different anatomic locations (base apex and sternal positions). ECGs were compared for quality score, heart rate, and ECG intervals. Smartphone-based ECGs were feasible to collect in all goats under field settings. Scoring indicated higher quality scores for the standard ECG when compared to the smartphone-based ECG, and differences in smartphone ECG quality scores were noted between goats of different body types. Heart rate agreement was noted between measurements taken from smartphone-based and standard devices. ECG intervals calculated for smartphone-based ECGs were clinically similar to standard ECG. While not of the same diagnostic quality as standard ECG recordings, smartphone-based ECGs for goats present an easy to collect recording for caprine practice.
Highlights
The devices currently described for heart rhythm evaluation in the goat are standard ECG units with associated cables and electrodes [1, 2]
This study demonstrated that smartphone-based ECG measurement was feasible in healthy does
Similar to reports in dairy cattle and water buffalo calves, smartphone ECG tracings were easy to collect under field conditions, repositioning was necessary to record the tracing in some of the does in this study
Summary
The devices currently described for heart rhythm evaluation in the goat are standard ECG units with associated cables and electrodes [1, 2] The use of these devices for goats can be problematic, as they are not adapted for field use and may be economically limiting for small ruminant practice. The pairing of smartphone technology with a wireless enabled ECG recorder has resulted in the ability to record ECG tracings with less cumbersome equipment than has traditionally been utilized for veterinary species These devices have demonstrated efficacy for cats [3], dogs [4], Goat Smartphone ECG horses [5, 6], dairy cattle [7], and water buffalo calves [8], but currently no studies describe the use of this new technology for goats. The final goal of the project was to compare effect of anatomic recording location (BA vs. sternal placement, ST) and breed on smartphone ECG quality scores and heart rate
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