Abstract
Abstract Tremendous amounts of food wastes are produced in China, and the conventional treatment by landfilling and incineration approaches poses serious environmental and social threats. Carbonization of food waste into value-added bio-solid is a feasible and potential alternative method for its sustainably recycle. Very limited information is available on the variation in biochar and hydrochar produced from food waste. In this study, five typical food waste types (eggshell, fish residue, breadcrumb, cooked rice and mixed food waste) and seven temperatures (200, 300, 400, and 500 °C for pyrolysis and 200, 250, and 300 °C for hydrothermal carbonization) were used, and physicochemical characteristics of the biochars and hydrochars were characterized. The main mass loss occurred centering at the temperatures of 270–320 °C, and 400 °C was a critical temperature for a complete decomposition. Physically, hydrochars showed spherically shaped morphological features in comparison with the pore and crack structures of biochars. Specific surface areas were generally low (
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