Abstract
Doubled haploid lines of carrot can be obtained through androgenesis in anther cultures and in isolated microspore cultures. The two methods were compared using three carrot cultivars (‘Kazan F1’, ‘Feria F1’, and ‘Narbonne F1’) at the androgenesis induction stage, during plant regeneration from embryos, and during acclimatization of androgenetic plants as well as their characterization. It was found that cultivar was the main factor affecting the efficiency at each stage of plant production in both anther and isolated microspore cultures. The efficiency of androgenesis in anther cultures of ‘Feria F1’ was considerably higher in comparison with isolated microspore cultures, and more plants were obtained from the embryos of androgenesis-cultured plants. In ‘Kazan F1’ and ‘Narbonne F1’, more acclimatized androgenetic plants were produced from anther cultures. Ploidy assessment of acclimatized plants of ‘Narbonne F1’ showed that the majority of the plants in the population derived from anther cultures had a doubled chromosome (DH) set. On the other hand, the majority of plants obtained from isolated microspore cultures were haploids. When assessing homozygosity, it was found among plants obtained in anther cultures that the percentage of homozygotes for phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) depended on the cultivar. In contrast, the majority of plants derived from isolated microspore cultures were homozygous regardless of cultivar.
Highlights
Haploid plants are used in various studies, including those involving genome mapping, genetic analysis, mutations, transformation, somatic hybridization, and biochemical and physiological analysis, and in the production of artificial seeds [1]
It is estimated that more than 280 varieties worldwide have been obtained from plant materials derived through in vitro androgenesis in anther cultures or isolated microspore cultures [2]
The most embryogenic cultivar was ‘Feria F1’, in which 338 embryos were obtained from 100 plated anthers
Summary
Haploid plants are used in various studies, including those involving genome mapping, genetic analysis, mutations, transformation, somatic hybridization, and biochemical and physiological analysis, and in the production of artificial seeds [1]. It is estimated that more than 280 varieties worldwide have been obtained from plant materials derived through in vitro androgenesis in anther cultures or isolated microspore cultures [2]. The most advanced work has been conducted with oilseed rape, barley, and rice. A more efficient method of deriving haploids in tissue culture of various plants such as oilseed rape Napus) involves the technique of isolated microspores [4]. As reported by Babbar et al [5], isolated microspore cultures of rapeseed are 10-fold more efficient than anther cultures in producing plants. The use of this technique has not produced satisfactory results in every tested species. Among 20 species of the Apiaceae family, only 10 species underwent androgenesis from isolated microspores [6]
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