Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are well known in numerous commercial applications. Using accurate and efficient models, system designers can predict the behavior of batteries and optimize the associated performance management. Model-based development comprises the investigation of electrical, electro-chemical, thermal, and aging characteristics. This paper focuses on the analysis of models describing the electrical behavior. In particular, it investigates how cell voltage and state of charge can be determined with sufficient accuracy for a given load profile. For this purpose, the Thevenin-based, the Rint, and the Shepherd’s models, as well as a generic library model of an electronic circuit simulation software package, are compared. The procedure for determining model parameters is discussed in detail. All models are evaluated for the application in the analysis of distributed power generation. The validation is carried out by comparing simulation and measurement results with the help of a case study.
Highlights
Forecasts indicate that the global energy demand will continue to rise through 2040 [1]
Architectures of distributed power generation (DG) can be found in a wide diversity of scenarios such as household applications, in supply systems of residential areas, or in microgrids
In addition to the advantage of generating energy locally at the point of consumption, DG enables the flexible integration of renewable energies such as wind, micro hydropower, and biomass, as well as photovoltaics
Summary
Forecasts indicate that the global energy demand will continue to rise through 2040 [1]. Global greenhouse gas emissions need to be reduced by the mid-century to less than half of the level of 1990 [2]. For this reason, fossil fuels cannot meet the rising demand for energy under these claims in the long-term. The key outcome is to limit global warming to less than 2 ◦ C, at least 1.5 ◦ C, compared to pre-industrial levels. In this context, grid-connected distributed power generation (DG) plays a crucial role in achieving this objective [4].
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