Abstract
Fish is an essential source of high-quality protein for people worldwide. The present study was designed to compare the growth performance among the channel-blue hybrid catfish, channel catfish transgenic for the channel catfish growth hormone (ccGH) cDNA driven by the antifreeze protein promoter from an ocean pout Zoarces americanus (opAFP-ccGH), and non-transgenic channel catfish control. Mean body weight of channel-blue hybrid catfish was 15.80 and 24.06% larger than non-transgenic channel catfish control at 4 and 18 months of age, respectively. However, transgenic opAFP-ccGH channel catfish were 5.52 and 43.41% larger than channel-blue hybrid catfish and 22.19 and 77.91% larger than their controls at 4 and 18 months of age, respectively. Significant differences in mean body weight between the sexes within all genetic types were found. Males were larger than females (P < 0.001). However, mean body weight of non-transgenic males was not larger than transgenic opAFP-ccGH females or male and female hybrid catfish. Condition factor of transgenic opAFP-ccGH channel catfish was higher (P < 0.05) than that of full-sibling, non-transgenic channel catfish and hybrid catfish. The mean percentage body weight gain of GH transgenic channel catfish was 559%, the channel-blue hybrid catfish was 384.9% and their non-transgenic controls channel catfish was 352.6%.
Highlights
Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing production sectors in the world[1]
Growth hormone (GH) transgenesis can result in greatly increased growth rate in fish from 2- to an incredible 40-fold[27,29], and the use of this technology for aquaculture production is approved in the USA and Canada for triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) containing a chinook salmon GH transgene driven by the ocean pout antifreeze promoter[30,31]
The objective of this study was to compare the growth performance among channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, ♀ × blue catfish, I. furcatus, ♂ hybrids, channel catfish transgenic for the channel catfish growth hormone cDNA driven by the antifreeze protein promoter from an ocean pout Zoarces americanus and their non-transgenic channel catfish control
Summary
Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing production sectors in the world[1]. Aquaculture production reached 114.5 million tons in 20182. Catfish (Ictalurus sp.) represent the most important aquaculture sector raised for human consumption in the United States and channel-blue hybrid catfish constitutes 50–70% of catfish production[3]. Gene transfer has been used to produce various fast-growing transgenic fish species such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)[22], Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)[23], mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis)[24], common carp (Cyprinus carpio)[25], coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)[21], rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[26], and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)[27,28]. Growth hormone (GH) transgenesis can result in greatly increased growth rate in fish from 2- to an incredible 40-fold[27,29], and the use of this technology for aquaculture production is approved in the USA and Canada for triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) containing a chinook salmon GH transgene driven by the ocean pout antifreeze promoter (opAFP-GHc2)[30,31]. GH transgenesis can result in different gains in growth rate in channel catfish[27,28] and hybridization has resulted in heterosis for growth rate in the channel-blue hybrid catfish[12], but comparison of growth performance between channel-blue hybrid and the GH transgenesis has not been examined
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