Comparison of growth, and non-specific immune of crisp and ordinary tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a kind of worldwide farmed fish that is commercially cultured in more than a hundred nations. The tilapia dietary faba bean (Vicia faba L.) for 90– 120 d improves muscle quality such as higher muscle hardness and crispiness. However, faba bean contain a wide variety of antinutritional factors such as phenolics, tannins, trypsin inhibitor activity, and phytic acid. Antinutritional factors through themselves or their metabolic products affect the health of fish. This study was compared growth, antioxidant activity, carbon metabolic enzyme activity and immune-related gene expression profiles between the ordinary and crisp tilapia. The results indicated that crisp tilapia (888.00 ± 200.83 g) had a significantly lower body weight compared with ordinary tilapia (1078.67 ± 162.56 g) (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) between crisp and ordinary tilapia in both serum and liver. The crisp tilapia recorded significantly lower acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in contrast to the ordinary tilapia in serum (P < 0.05), but not significant in liver. The crisp tilapia (serum: 8.05 ± 1.23 U/mL, liver: 7.59 ± 1.09 U/mL) exposure could significantly inhibit glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities compared with ordinary tilapia (serum: 5.07 ± 0.91 U/mL, liver: 4.10 ± 1.18 U/mL) (P < 0.05). The lysozyme (LZM) and triglyceride (TG) of ordinary and crisp tilapia were similar. The heat shock protein70 (Hsp70) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression of crisp tilapia demonstrated significant upregulation when compared with ordinary tilapia in the haemocytes and liver, whereas the interleukin-1β (IL-1β), metallothionein (MT), and chemokine C-C-Motif Ligand 3 (CCL) expression of crisp tilapia were significantly deregulated in the liver. In conclusion, the crisp tilapia can decrease growth, ACP, AKP, and G6PDH activity, whereas Hsp70 and TNF-α expression of crisps demonstrated significant upregulation. The results would contribute to comprehend the physiological parameters during tilapia crisping process and exploring the mechanism of tilapia brittleness.