Abstract
BackgroundRecently, human germinal center-associated lymphoma (HGAL) gene protein has been proposed as an adjunctive follicular marker to CD10 and BCL6.MethodsOur aim was to evaluate immunoreactivity for HGAL in 82 cases of follicular lymphomas (FLs) - 67 nodal, 5 cutaneous and 10 transformed - which were all analysed histologically, by immunohistochemistry and PCR.ResultsImmunostaining for HGAL was more frequently positive (97.6%) than that for BCL6 (92.7%) and CD10 (90.2%) in FLs; the cases negative for bcl6 and/or for CD10 were all positive for HGAL, whereas the two cases negative for HGAL were positive with BCL6; no difference in HGAL immunostaining was found among different malignant subtypes or grades.ConclusionsTherefore, HGAL can be used in the immunostaining of FLs as the most sensitive germinal center (GC)-marker; when applied alone, it would half the immunostaining costs, reserving the use of the other two markers only to HGAL-negative cases.
Highlights
Human germinal center-associated lymphoma (HGAL) gene protein has been proposed as an adjunctive follicular marker to CD10 and BCL6
human germinal center-associated lymphoma (HGAL) has been originally described by Lossos et al (2003) [15] who identified the gene by conducting a search for genes predicting outcome in large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL)
The diagnosis of follicular lymphomas (FLs) was confirmed in all 82 cases retrieved from the archives: 77 were nodal FL, of which 67 were only constituted by FL and 10 showed FL in combination with a LBCL; the last 5 cases were cutaneous FL which appeared negative for extra-cutaneous disease at the diagnosis and during the follow-up and were considered primary CFL
Summary
Human germinal center-associated lymphoma (HGAL) gene protein has been proposed as an adjunctive follicular marker to CD10 and BCL6. An “in situ” phase is known for FL in which neoplastic cells are confined to GCs [3]; when it becomes invasive, lymphoma expands follicles and extends into the interfollicular areas acquiring variable architectural patterns in which neoplastic follicles can be crowded or spaced apart, irregular, coalesced, serpiginous, confluent, or serrated; they can show mantle or Recently, human germinal center-associated lymphoma (HGAL) gene protein, known as germinal center expressed transcript-2 (GCET2), has been proposed as an adjunctive GC-marker which can be detected in benign and malignant follicles [4,15,16]. Application of HGAL immunostaining is useful in diagnosing primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CFL) [17] and defining prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) [15]
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