Abstract
The current high rate of food waste production, concomitant with the global increase in population and food demand, has adverse effects on environmental and socio-economic conditions. However, food waste has been shown to be an efficient and safe source of fertilizer in agriculture practice. Moreover, minimizing the application of chemical fertilizers is a goal of sustainable agriculture. Considering these facts, we aimed to compare the effect of chemical fertilizer (CF-3,8 g·pot−1) and different doses of mixed food waste-derived fertilizer (MF-10.6 g·pot−1), two-fold MF (MF × 2), four-fold MF (MF × 4), and six-fold MF (MF × 6) in a popular salad crop, Lactuca sativa (lettuce). Our results showed the growth rates of lettuce plants receiving CF, MF, and MF×2 applications were essentially the same; however, plant biomass significantly dropped with MF × 6 treatment. The CF, MF, and MF × 2 treatments enhanced the chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic rate of the plants and improved transpiration efficiency and stomatal conductance. With respect to mineral elements, the K+ content was significantly enhanced with MF × 2 and MF × 4 treatment, whereas MF × 6-treated plants showed lower concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, and K+ as well as higher Na+ concentration. Biochemical analysis showed the elevation of abscisic acid level with increasing dose of MF, except in the MF × 6 treatment. The level of super oxide dismutase (SOD) dropped with CF treatment, was unchanged with MF, and significantly increased in MF×2 and MF × 4 treated plants. Subsequently, higher flavonoid content was observed in MF×2 and MF×4 plants. The current results demonstrate the potential of food waste as a source of organic fertilizer and a significant substitute for chemical fertilizer in the conventional agricultural practice driven by high production cost and environmental pollution.
Highlights
The current results demonstrate the potential of food waste as a source of organic fertilizer and a significant substitute for chemical fertilizer in the conventional agricultural practice driven by high production cost and environmental pollution
We explored the appropriate use of food waste-derived fertilizer as a substitute for chemical fertilizers; here we discuss how the food waste-derived fertilizer could improve the soil and promote the growth and nutritional value of the target crop, salad lettuce
We found that the increase in lettuce growth parameters obtained with MFx2 application was similar to the results obtained with chemical fertilizer application
Summary
The world’s population continues to rise and is expected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050 [1]. The food demand by 2050 will increase by 60% [2]. With the current food consumption rate and trend, overall production should be increased by over 70%. To sustain the entire population (FAO 2009) [3]. Despite the higher food production rate, it is estimated that 870 million people are reported as being malnourished; at the same time, approximately 1.3 billion tons/year (1/3rd) of the food produced for human consumption is wasted [5]. According to research conducted by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the food waste in the United States alone is estimated at nearly
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