Comparison between 2D cephalometric and 3D digital model superimpositions in patients with lateral incisor agenesis treated by canine substitution

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the reliability of measurements obtained after superimposing 3-dimensional (3D) digital models by comparing them with those obtained from lateral cephalometric radiographs in patients with lateral agenesis space closure by mesialization. Data were collected from premaxillary and postmaxillary dental casts and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 26 patients presenting lateral incisor agenesis and treated with rapid maxillary expanders and space closure by mesialization of the lateral sectors. Sagittal and vertical movements of the incisors and the maxillary molars were evaluated with lateral cephalometric radiographs and digitized 3D models superimposed on the palatal area. Paired sample ttests were used to determine if any significant difference existed between the 2 measuring techniques and between 2 different localizations of superimpositions. Cephalograms and 3D digital model measurements were statistically similar in molars and incisor movements according to anteroposterior and vertical planes. Regarding incisor movements in the anteroposterior plane, measurements derived from second ruga 3D models were significantly greater than those derived from third ruga 3D digital models. The 3D model superimposition method using the palate as a reference area is clinically reliable for assessing anteroposterior and vertical tooth movement as cephalometric superimposition in patients treated with rapid maxillary expanders and space closure by mesialization.