Abstract
This article describes drug loading validation of nanoparticles. Ultracentrifugation was avoided because of problems arising from small-sized particles. Ultrafiltration was adopted in two different modes followed by monitoring of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), dextran sulfate (DS), and loperamide HCl contents. Diafiltration centrifugation removed all PVA at the fourth cycle and provided significantly (p = .000, .017) higher drug loading values compared with tangential flow filtration (TFF). This was due to residual PVA associated with the nanoparticles. TFF enabled satisfactory dry weight recovery (101.66 ± 4.45%, n = 3) of nanoparticles during extended purification. Indirect drug loading (from the purification curve) was not significantly different (p = .450, .487) to the direct drug loading values. Encapsulation parameters were obtained from the purification curve once quantitative estimation of the all formulation components was established.
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