Abstract
Furfural is a toxic chemical compound that is widely applied as a solvent in a great many of industries, and it can cause many problems to the human beings and environment. Various methods of removing furfural from the wastewaters have been studied. AOPs methods are utilized for the elimination of a vast majority of the pollutants due to their high efficiency as well as for their lack of creating secondary contamination. Therefore, the present study aims at comparing the efficiency of UV/ZrO2 and UV/H2O2/ZrO2 photocatalytic processes in removing furfural from aqueous solutions. The solution’s initial pH, furfural’s concentration, zirconium catalyst dosage and time were investigated as the parameters influencing the removal efficiency by the two foresaid processes, and the effect of H2O2 addition in various concentrations into UV/H2O2/ZrO2 process was also evaluated. Spectrophotometer device was employed to assay the concentration of the residual furfural. The results indicated that the pH of the environment, the amount of the nanoparticle and H2O2 input concentration largely influence the furfural omission. The optimal condition for the removal of furfural in UV/ZrO2 process in an initial concentration of 20 mg/L, a pH equal to 3, a catalyst dose of 0.25 g/L during a period of 60-min time was 81.6%, and it was 99% for UV/H2O2/ZrO2 process in a pH equal to 7 with the addition of H2O2 for a concentration of 0.75 mL/L under the same conditions. Generally, it can be concluded that UV/H2O2/ZrO2 and UV/ZrO2 photocatalytic processes can effectively be applied to remove furfural from the aqueous solutions, especially in lower concentrations.
Highlights
IntroductionFurfural and its derivatives are used in the production processes of solid resins as well as plastic and paper (Fazlzadeh et al 2018)
Furfural has numerous use cases and is extensively and widely utilized
The effect of pH on the efficiency of furfural removal in UV/ZrO2 and UV/H2O2/ZrO2 processes pH is a crucial factor in Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) processes, and it has been well identified to have effects on the contaminants’ removal
Summary
Furfural and its derivatives are used in the production processes of solid resins as well as plastic and paper (Fazlzadeh et al 2018) This chemical compound is most frequently used in petroleum and oil purification industry (Hoydonckx et al 2000; Presto et al 2007; Borghei and Hosseini 2008). In such a manner that the furfural concentrations of the wastewaters stemming from rubber and plastic manufacturing, furfural production and oil refineries are reportedly 500 mg/L, 600 mg/L and 1000 mg/L, respectively (Wirtz and Dague 1993; Presto et al 2007; Sahu et al 2007).
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