Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Cognitive behavior therapy is an important treatment for various psychiatric and psychological problems. Different psychotherapeutic treatments are used for improvement in patients. The study aimed to compare Clozapine and Fluoxetine with Choline on the progress of cognition and cognitive behavior in rats. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the pharmacology department of Karachi University on locally bred male albino rats (n=24). These were divided into four treatment groups (Saline, Fluoxetine, Clozapine, and Choline) and measured the output at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th weeks. Familiar and Novel object recognition test and Passive avoidance test was used to observe learning and memory as well as the mechanism of cognition. One way-ANOVA and post-hoc analysis was done between groups. The p-value <0.05 and < 0.001 were considered statistically significant and highly significant respectively. Results: The comparative mean preference index percentage between saline, choline, clozapine, and fluoxetine at week one was non–significant (p>0.05) in the Novel and Familiar Object Recognition test. However, at week three it was highest for Fluoxetine (58.15±3.35) compared to Choline, Clozapine and Saline for the novel object. However, in Familiar objects, it was found highest for Clozapine (58.88±3.05) (p <0.05). Furthermore, the mean step-through latency time of the Passive Avoidance test was significant (p<0.05) at weeks three, five and seven. It was highest for choline (92.5±1.36) than fluoxetine and clozapine. Conclusion: Fluoxetine has a significant effect (p<0.001) on memory and learning compared to Clozapine. Clozapine and choline showed statistically same results on cognitive behavior. Keywords: Cognitive Behavior; Choline; Clozapine; Fluoxetine; Effect; Compare.
Highlights
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) modulates the patient’s thoughts and feelings, which create a positive impact on their behavior[1]
At week seven highly significant differences (p-value < 0.001) were found between the treated groups it was found that the preference index % was highest in fluoxetine that is 64.86 choline 57.97 after that clozapine 57.97 and lastly for saline 44.99
At week five the difference was found among Saline and Choline (43.65:37.12), Choline and Clozapine (37.12: 55.88), and Choline and fluoxetine (37.12: 33 PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY 2022, VOL. 11 (01)
Summary
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) modulates the patient’s thoughts and feelings, which create a positive impact on their behavior[1]. Cognitive therapy is the kind of CBT, which targeted on recognizing and distinguishing thoughts, emotional reactions, and behavior pattern[2]. It is explained the reasoning, cognition, problem-solving, making tasks to com-. Clozapine is used for the treatment of Psychosis by blocking Dopamine D4, H1 and alpha[1] adrenergic and muscarinic receptors. It acts as a serotonin antagonist on 5-HT2A/2C subtypes of receptors[6,7]. The study aimed to compare Clozapine and Fluoxetine with Choline on the progress of cognition and cognitive behavior in rats
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