Comparative XPS Study of Silver and Copper Surfaces Exposed to Flowing Air Containing Low Concentration of Sulfur Dioxide

Abstract

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a typical gas affecting the atmospheric corrosion of metals, particularly outdoors. Although many studies have investigated the effect of SO2 on the atmospheric corrosion of silver and copper, little is known about the early stage of their corrosion behavior. In this study we analyzed the chemical state of sulfur on silver and copper plates exposed to flowing air containing low concentrations (18 and 148 ppb) of SO2 using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The shapes of the spectra were the same for both concentrations, indicating that the chemical state of the analyzed elements did not depend on the SO2 concentration. There was a difference in the chemical state of the sulfur between the silver and copper. Three peaks were observed in the S 2p XPS spectra for the silver originating from bisulfite, S2O52-, S2O32-, and S2-. The bisulfite resulted from SO2 dissolution into the surface electrolyte, and the others resulted from the reduction of sulfurous acid. In contrast, only bisulfite was observed in the S 2p XPS spectra for the copper. It also originated from the dissolution of SO2 into the surface electrolyte. The difference in the chemical state of the sulfur between the silver and copper is attributed to the presence of native oxides on the surface, which may have impeded the reduction of bisulfite.