Comparative Transcriptomic Profiles of Differentiated Adipocytes Provide Insights into Adipogenesis Mechanisms of Subcutaneous and Intramuscular Fat Tissues in Pigs.

Pan Zhang,Yangzom Chamba,Bo Zhang,Ruixue Nie,Peng Shang,Yu Fu,Hao Zhang

doi:10.3390/cells11030499

Pan Zhang, Yangzom Chamba + Show 5 more

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Journal: Cells	Publication Date: Jan 31, 2022
Citations: 11	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: China Agricultural University, Tibet University

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Subcutaneous fat thickness and intramuscular fat content are closely related to meat production and quality in the pig industry. Adipogenesis in adipocytes from subcutaneous and intramuscular fat tissues involves different genes and regulatory mechanisms. Analyzing the data of mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes during the differentiation of adipocytes from these two sources will help identify the different mechanisms of subcutaneous and intramuscular fat deposition. In this study, RNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the differential expression of genes and miRNAs in subcutaneous and intramuscular adipocytes at days 0, 2, 4, and 8 of differentiation. We mainly attributed the difference between fat depositions of the two types of adipocytes to variations in the expression patterns of related genes. Through combined weighted gene co-expression network analysis and K-MEANS, we identified 30 and 22 genes that mainly regulated the differentiation of subcutaneous adipocytes and intramuscular adipocytes, respectively. A total of 17 important candidate miRNAs were identified. This study provides valuable reference for the study of different mechanisms of adipogenesis among subcutaneous and intramuscular fat and contributes to improving pig breeding.

Highlights

Adipose tissue is one of the largest and most vigorous organs in humans and animals and plays a major role in the control of energy homeostasis [1]
The subcutaneous preadipocytes began to appear as lipid droplets on the second day of differentiation, and they gradually accumulated as the differentiation time increased; a large number of these droplets were observed on day 8 (Figure 1c)
The highly expressed genes in subcutaneous adipocytes were mainly involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, the adipocytokine signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, ether lipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism (Figure 4b,c)

Summary

Introduction

Adipose tissue is one of the largest and most vigorous organs in humans and animals and plays a major role in the control of energy homeostasis [1]. Adipocytes that are distributed intramuscularly and subcutaneously have different developmental processes, compositions, and metabolic functions [7]. In vitro experiments on adipogenesis revealed that carbon precursors for fatty acid synthesis in subcutaneous and intramuscular adipocytes are different [10]. Adipogenesis is a complex process that is regulated by various transcription events. In several genes, such as glucose transporters acetyl CoA carboxylase fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase, the different expression levels of these genes may be attributable to the varied mechanisms of lipid formation between the subcutaneous and intramuscular fat tissues [11,12]. The different functional genes and regulatory mechanisms of adipogenesis in adipocytes from two sources of subcutaneous and intramuscular fat tissues have not been clarified

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