Abstract
The telencephalon refers to the most highly developed and anterior part of the forebrain, consisting mainly of the cerebral hemispheres. The study determined Neuroglobin (Ngb) and Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) expression in the telencephalon of yak and cattle, and compare the expression and distribution pattern of Ngb and HIF-1α in the two animals. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot (WB) were employed to investigate Ngb and Hif-1α expression in the telencephalon of yak and cattle. mRNA and protein expressions of Ngb and HIF-1α showed positive in different tissues of the yak and cattle telencephalon. Ngb expression in tissues of the yak recorded higher as compare to cattle while HIF-1α expression was found higher in cattle than yak. The HIF-1α expression in some tissues of yak telencephalon was consistent with the cattle. The results documented that HIF-1α may have a direct or indirect synergistic effect on Ngb expression in the yak telencephalon to improve hypoxia adaptation. It is suggested that yak may need more Ngb expression for adaptation, but the expression of HIF-1α seems to be down-regulated during long-term adaptation, and the specific causes of this phenomenon needs to be further verified.
Highlights
Yak (Bos grunniens), as a unique livestock living in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with an altitude of more than 3000 meters, has an extremely strong adaptation to alpine cold and hypoxia (Song et al, 2020), and cattle are large ruminant animals with horns and cloven hoofs, domesticated for meat or milk, or as beasts of burden; cows
Ngb mRNA and protein were positive in all regions of yak and cattle telencephalon, which proved the conservation of Ngb evolution in the yak and cattle nervous system
The current study reported that Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA and protein were positive in all regions of yak and cattle telencephalon, which was consistent with other species
Summary
Yak (Bos grunniens), as a unique livestock living in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with an altitude of more than 3000 meters, has an extremely strong adaptation to alpine cold and hypoxia (Song et al, 2020), and cattle are large ruminant animals with horns and cloven hoofs, domesticated for meat or milk, or as beasts of burden; cows. Studies showed that HIF-1α can promote Ngb production in ischemic and hypoxic brain damage (Moens and Dewilde, 2000; Hundahl et al, 2005; Liu et al, 2012; Haines et al, 2012) Despite these reported references, a connection between HIF-1α and Ngb has not been demonstrated in the telencephalon of yak and cattle. The current study provided insight about the distribution and expression pattern of Ngb and HIF-1α in different regions of yak telencephalon by using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western-blotting and immunohistochemistry, and compared with the cattle. These results provided valuable morphological to understand the function and mechanism of Ngb and HIF1α in the yaks’ brain. The discovery paved the way for more research into the physiological roles of Ngb and HIF-1 in brain hypoxic injury-related diseases
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