Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study and compare a small hydropower turbine efficiency at low head water by making a comparison between the Water Free Vortex Turbine and the Small Under Shot Water Wheel. The experiment and analyze were carried out to find the torque and energy of the turbine, as well as the overall efficiency of both types of turbines at the flow rate of 0-950 l/min and at the head water of 0-0.5 m. From the experiment, it was found that at a flow rate of 950 l/mim, the highest amount of generated energy of the Small Under Shot Water Wheel, was at 7.51 W, the torque was 4.78 N-m and the highest efficiency was 13.96 % at the rotational speed of 15 rpm. As for the Water Free Vortex Turbine, the highest amount of generated energy was 14.5 W, the torque was 2.77 N-m and the highest efficiency was 35.92 % at the rotational speed of 50 rpm. Furthermore, the torque of the Small Under Shot Water Wheel was higher than the Water Free Vortex Turbine, but the cycle speed and the energy generated by the Water Free Vortex Turbine was higher. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Water Free Vortex Turbine is more suitable as a small hydropower electricity generator than the Small Under Shot Water Wheel at the height of the head water less than one meter.
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