Abstract
Studies of educational and occupational aspirations and expectations generally reveal sex and racial differences. Dreger and Miller' found Negroes to hold unrealistically high aspirations, while their specific plans are more pessimistic and realistic than whites. However, Antonovsky2 found that white middleclass students have higher occupational aspirations than Negroes. Regarding sex differences, Negro females have consistently higher aspiration levels.3 Although congruent with opportunities, this could also be influenced by the matricentric family structure of the Negro sub-culture. Gist and Bennett4 included a measure of this assumption by comparing Negro and white parental influence on adolescent
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