Comparative study oF MgO nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate and aloe vera

Physical and nuclear shielding properties of newly synthesized magnesium oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles

Aloe vera (Family: Liliaceae) and Ficus deltoidea (Family: Moraceae), also known as Mas Cotek has been applied in traditional medicines as sources of anti-inflammatory remedy and as therapeutic alternatives to conventional medicines. The present study was carried out to evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of Aloe vera and Ficus deltoidea powder extracts in mice. The mice were divided into 4 groups (n=5), namely the negative control, positive control and two treatment group of Aloe vera and Ficus deltoidea extracts. The animals were treated with normal saline, diclofenac, Aloe vera and Ficus deltoidea extracts according to their respective group, 30 minutes before carrageenan was introduced. The inflammation was induced by injecting carrageenan into the sub-plantar region of left hind paw of all mice. The paw edema was measured using digital caliper at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 24 and 48 hours after carrageenan was injected. There were significant differences in the measurement of the paw edema between normal saline (negative control), diclofenac (positive control), Aloe vera and Ficus deltoidea powder extract at p<0.05. Diclofenac (10mg/kg) significantly inhibited paw edema from 0.5 hour onwards (p<0.05); Aloe vera extracts (4000mg/kg) from the 1st hour onwards; and Ficus deltoidea extracts (4000mg/kg) from the 2nd hour onwards. The anti-inflammatory action demonstrated by both Aloe vera and Ficus deltoidea extracts are comparable to those of diclofenac treatment even though their efficacy is lesser. The findings indicate that Aloe vera and Ficus deltoidea powder extracts possess anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan induced paw edema in vivo. Therefore, in conclusion, the Aloe vera and Ficus deltoidea powder extract have the potential in managing acute inflammation and serve as an alternative therapeutic agent.

Enhancing oil recovery efficiency is vital in the energy industry. This study investigates magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactants to reduce interfacial tension (IFT) and improve oil recovery. Pendant drop method measurements revealed a 70% IFT reduction, significantly improving nanoparticle dispersion stability due to SDS. Alterations in Zeta Potential and viscosity, indicating enhanced colloidal stability under reservoir conditions, were key findings. These results suggest that the MgO-SDS system offers a promising and sustainable alternative to conventional methods, although challenges such as scaling up and managing nanoparticle–surfactant dynamics remain. The preparation of MgO nanofluids involved magnetic stirring and ultrasonic homogenization to ensure thorough mixing. Characterization techniques included density, viscosity, pH, Zeta Potential, electric conductivity, and electrophoretic mobility assessments for the nanofluid and surfactant–nanofluid systems. Paraffin oil was used as the oil phase, with MgO nanoparticle concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 wt% and a constant SDS concentration of 0.5 wt%. IFT reduction was significant, from 47.9 to 26.9 mN/m with 0.1 wt% MgO nanofluid. Even 0.01 wt% MgO nanoparticles reduced the IFT to 41.8 mN/m. Combining MgO nanoparticles with SDS achieved up to 70% IFT reduction, enhancing oil mobility. Changes in Zeta Potential (from −2.54 to 3.45 mV) and pH (from 8.4 to 10.8) indicated improved MgO nanoparticle dispersion and stability, further boosting oil displacement efficiency under experimental conditions. The MgO-SDS system shows promise as a cleaner, cost-effective Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) method. However, challenges such as nanoparticle stability under diverse conditions, surfactant adsorption management, and scaling up require further research, emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches and rigorous field studies.

Biocidal chitosan-magnesium oxide nanoparticles via a green precipitation process

This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles prepared via the sol–gel method. The structural, functional, and optical properties of the synthesized MgO nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy techniques. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of well-defined crystalline MgO nanoparticles with uniform crystallite size. FTIR spectra exhibited characteristic peaks corresponding to the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of Mg–O bonds, confirming the successful formation of MgO. The UV–Vis spectrum revealed a broad and prominent excitonic absorption band in the range of 260–300 nm, indicating the nanoscale nature of the particles. The optical band gap of the synthesized MgO nanoparticles was estimated to be 3.14 eV, consistent with the semiconductor behaviour of nanosized MgO. The prepared MgO nanofluids were evaluated for their thermophysical properties. The viscosity of the MgO–deionized water nanofluids was measured using an Ostwald viscometer, while the thermal conductivity was estimated based on the Maxwell model. The stability of the nanofluids was assessed through zeta potential analysis. The results demonstrate that MgO nanoparticles synthesized via the sol–gel route possess high crystallinity, excellent stability, and predominantly nano spherical morphology, making them suitable for heat transfer and fluid dynamic applications. Keywords: MgO nanoparticles, sol-gel method, XRD, FTIR, UV-vis, thermal conductivity.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder involving persistent spontaneous seizures and uncontrolled neuronal excitability that leads to cognitive impairments and blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Currently available antiepileptic drugs present side effects and researchers are trying to discover new agents with properties to overcome these drawbacks. The aim was to synthesize magnesium oxide (MgO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles from Datura alba fresh leaf extracts and evaluate their anti-epileptic potential in mice kindling or a repetitive seizures model. The phytoassisted synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using spectroscopy; FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Analysis of the NPs confirmed the crystalline pleomorphic shape using the salts of both zinc and magnesium possibly stabilized, functionalized and reduced by bioactive molecules present in plant extract. By using several characterization techniques, NPs were confirmed. UV-Vis spectroscopy of biologically produced ZnO and MgO revealed distinctive peaks at 380 nm and 242 nm, respectively. Our findings categorically demonstrated the reductive role of biomolecules in the formation of ZnO and MgO NPs. The mice kindling model was induced using seven injections of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 40 mg/kg, i.p) for 15 days alternatively. The results showed that mice post-treated with either ZnO or MgO nanoparticles (10 mg/kg, i.p) significantly improved in respect of behavior and memory as confirmed in the Morris water maze (MWM), open field (OF), novel object recognition (NOR) test compared with PTZ treated mice. Furthermore, the ZnO and MgO nanoparticle treatment also maintained the integrity of the BBB, reducing the leakage, as confirmed by Evans blue dye (EBD) compared with PTZ treated mice only. In summary, the current finding demonstrates that green synthesized ZnO and MgO nanoparticles have neuroprotective, ant-epileptic potential, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications need to be further explored.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of methylene blue dye by DIFS synthesized pure and Mn doped MgO nanostructures

The development of high-performance and environmentally sustainable diesel additives has driven significant interest in metal oxide nanoparticles, particularly magnesium oxide (MgO) and copper oxide (CuO), due to their exceptional physicochemical properties. This study presents an investigation into the thermal and structural strength of MgO and CuO nanoparticles to evaluate their potential as next-generation diesel fuel additives. The MgO nanoparticles were synthesized using sol-gel method while CuO nanoparticles were biosynthesized using orange peel extract. The nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized via UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). XRD results revealed highly crystalline structures with average crystallite sizes of 18.24 nm for MgO nanoparticles and 17.65 nm for CuO nanoparticles, while Raman spectra confirmed the successful formation of metal–oxygen frameworks with minimal structural impurities. TGA indicates that MgO nanoparticles exhibited superior thermal stability over CuO nanoparticles. This practically implies that the synthesized MgO and CuO nanoparticles possess properties that an boost catalytic performance and thermal stability for enhancing diesel combustion and reducing emissions. This study provides critical insights into the structural integrity and thermal endurance of MgO and CuO nanoparticles, laying the basis for their integration into advanced diesel additive systems aimed at improving engine performance and environmental sustainability.

This study aimed to develop a suitable Tris-citrate-fructose-egg yolk (Tris) based extender with Aloe vera or onion extract to preserve Surti buck semen at refrigerated temperature. Semen ejaculates (n=96) collected by artificial vagina from eight bucks were split-diluted in Tris extender with 0, 5, 10, 20% egg yolk concentrations. All these were then fractionated into three aliquiots each, one fracrtion kept without further additives (EY0, EY5, EY10, EY20), while fractions 2 and 3 were an addition with crude filtrates of Aloe vera gel @ 10 µL (EY0+A, EY5+A, EY10+A, EY20+A) or onion extract @ 10 µL (EY0+O, EY5+O, EY10+O, EY20+O) per 0.5 ml of the extended semen. These samples (4x3 = 12 aliquots, each 0.5 ml) were then preserved at refrigerated temperature and evaluated at 12 hourly interval up to 48 h of storage for various sperm quality tests. Sperm motility was significantly lower (p<0.01) in all the subgroups with 0% egg yolk (EY0, EY0+A, EY0+O) compared to 5 to 20% egg yolk at all intervals. The sperm motility at 48 h was significantly (p<0.01) lower in EY0 without and with Aloe vera and onion (11.49 ± 2.54, 10.12 ± 2.45 and 6.58 ± 2.30 %) than EY5 without and with Aloe vera and Onion extract (53.85 ± 1.41, 56.82 ± 1.20, 34.84 ± 2.25%), EY10 without and with Aloe vera and onion (55.83 ± 1.19, 57.76 ± 1.10, 35.37 ± 2.15%), EY20 without and with Aloe vera and onion extract (56.09 ± 1.32, 56.46 ± 1.26 and 41.06 ± 1.92%, respectively). The live sperm count was significantly lower (p<0.01) in semen extended with 0% egg yolk as compared to 5, 10 and 20% egg yolk at 0, 24 and 48 hours. The post-chilled abnormal sperm percentage increased non-significantly at 24 and 48 hours in all extender combinations, although the effect of additives was non significant. It is concluded that adding egg yolk alone 5–20% or with Aloe vera extract @ 10 µL in semen extender had a beneficial role in Surti buck semen preservation at refrigerated temperature.

Acne is caused by the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. Cosmetics that most commonly used is gel mask. This study aims to know whether aloe vera and cosmos caudatus extract can be formulated as a gel mask and what level of aloe vera and cosmos caudatus extract that needed to inhibit the Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 6919 growth. Aloe vera contains active compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, ntraquinones, lignins, sterols and phenolics, while kenikir leaves contain various active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and phenols. This study using three formulas with aloe vera extract is 1%, 2%, 3 % and marigold leaf extract is 3%, 2%, 1%. Physical quality testing of gel mask was done do with organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, spreadability and drying time. Antibacterial testing on Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 6919 use the disc diffusion method. The antibacterial test showed the largest inhibition zone results, was the formula I who has concentration of 1% Aloe vera and 3% cosmos caudatus extract in the medium category. Keywords: antibacterial, aloe vera, cosmos caudatus, gel mask, Propionibacterium acnes

Aloe vera (Aloe vera L.) is a plant that has many benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, antibacterial, and moisturizing the skin. Gel preparations are easily contaminated by bacteria and fungi, so it is necessary to consider adding sodium metabisulfite as a preservative. The aim of this research is to prove the effectiveness of using sodium metabisulfite as a preservative for aloe vera extract gel preparations. The aloe vera plant (Aloe vera L.) was extracted using the maceration method for 3x24 hours using methanol solvent. This research used 5% aloe vera (Aloe vera L.) extract, and in the evaluation and stability test used 4 variation formulations using a carbomer base, only gel base (F1), gel base with the addition of sodium metabisulfite (F2), gel base with 5% aloe vera extract (F3), and gel base with 5% aloe vera extract and sodium metabisulfite (F4). The evaluations carried out were organoleptic tests, pH tests, viscosity tests, and ALT (Total Plate Number) tests and AKK (Yeast Mold Number) tests. The physical stability test is carried out for 3-14 days. The extract yield test results obtained were 4.892%. Organoleptic tests on F1, F2, F3 and F4 did not show changes in color, odor and texture, whereas on day 14 changes in color, odor and texture began to occur in the F3 preparation. The pH test showed pH results of 4.67 (F1), 4.9 (F2), 5 (F3) and 5.1 (F4). The viscosity test shows the gel has a viscosity of 2760 cps (F1), 2650 cps (F2), 2590 cps (F3), and 2575 cps (F4). The ALT and AKK tests showed that there was an increase in the value of the F3 preparation. So based on these results it can be concluded that the best gel preparation is F4

This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of foliar application of magnesium oxide (MgO) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles on the amount of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) as a medicinal plant by a factorial design in a randomized complete block design with four replications within the year of 2017 in Hashtgerd and Dehak areas. The first factor of the experiment consisted of different concentrations of MgO nanoparticles (zero (control), 0.01 and 0.03%), and the second factor included different concentrations of Fe2O3 nanoparticles (zero (control), 0.01 and 0.03%). The results of combined variance analysis of the two tested location indicated that the simple effect of each location treatment, different concentrations of MgO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles and the interactions of different concentrations of MgO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the values of hydrogen peroxide, flavonoids, anthocyanin and activity levels of the enzymes of catalase and peroxidase were significant. The final results of this study showed that MgO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles had an additive and significant effect on flavonoids, anthocyanin and the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes in comparison with the control treatment, and had a decreasing effect on hydrogen peroxide of this plant. Also, the results showed that the interactions of 0.03% MgO nanop for governing and/or coordinating plant growth under stress conditions articles and 0.03% Fe2O3 nanoparticles had an effect on the control treatment. It was also found that the Roselle bushes planted in Dehak region had the higher content of anthocyanin and flavonoids, and activity levels of catalase and peroxidase enzymes, and had the lower levels of hydrogen peroxide, compared with those planted in Hashtgerd area.

The use of nanoparticles (NPs) has been extended to many fields such as agriculture, food industry, medicine and biotechnological fields. Thereby, human exposure to NPs consequently increases. Therefore, there is a concern about the potential biological effects and toxicity of NPs for humans and the environment. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity effects of magnesium oxide (MgO) and silica (SiO2) NPs on human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) after 24 hours of exposure. In this study, cytotoxicity of MgO and SiO2 NPs was evaluated using MTT assay after 24 hours of MgO (50 nm) and SiO2 (90-110 nm) NPs exposure at doses of 25-200 µg/ml. Moreover, to assess the rate of cell apoptosis, cells were stained with ethidium bromide/acridine orange stain. The staining was examined under a fluorescent microscope. The exposure of HT29 cells to SiO2 and MgO NPs increased cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Also, these results showed a significant increase in apoptosis induction in treated groups with MgO and SiO2 NPs. These results showed that SiO2 and MgO NPs can cause cytotoxicity in HT29 cells and it is better to avoid using them in food stuff and food packaging ingredients.

Concentration-dependent behaviors of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and infectious bacteria toward magnesium oxide nanoparticles

Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles are commonly used to enhance the reactivity and performance of devices and systems in various applications, primarily due to the heat-resistance, binding, and alkaline properties of MgO. However, most of the methods used to synthesize MgO nanoparticles suffer from nonuniform particle size distributions that make it difficult to manufacture stable particles. In this study, uniform magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were developed for TiO2 photoelectrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to enhance their interfacial resistances. The uniform MgO nanoparticles were synthesized from MgO 93% using a poly(acrylic acid) template-assisted method. The particle size and crystalline structure of MgO nanoparticles were characterized by NANOPHOX particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Multilayered TiO2 photoelectrodes containing interlayers of MgO nanoparticles were fabricated as photoelectrodes for DSSC devices, and their photovoltaic performances were investigated. When the MgO interlayer was introduced into the multilayered TiO2 photoelectrode, it not only increased the photocurrent value of the DSSC device but also improved its power conversion efficiency. The DSSC device containing the MgO interlayer and the scattering layer exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 0.74 V, a short-circuit current density of 14.60 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 0.64 under a photointensity of 100 mW/cm2 at AM 1.5, resulting in an overall solar energy conversion efficiency of 6.94%. The application of an MgO interlayer in a DSSC device exhibited improved conductivity, charge transfer ability, and excellent device performance.