Comparative Study of Hemoglobin Levels: Adolescents in The Highlands and Lowlands of Blitar Regency, East Java

Cigarettes are processed tobacco using or without addictive substances. The increasing of hemoglobin in smokers due to the content of carbon monoxide causes hemolysis of erythrocytes that is stronger than oxygen, so that hemoglobin increases. In addition to smoking, the society's habit is about coffee consumption. Coffee is a beverage with high polyphenols. The decreasing of hemoglobin occurs when drinking too much coffee. It will reduce the absorption of iron and erythrocytes ability to deliver oxygen from the lungs to all tissues in the body, therefore the hemoglobin will decrease. One of the laboratory tests that is used to see hemoglobin levels in smokers and coffee consumers is the POCT method of hemoglobin examination. The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of the effect between smoking and coffee consumption on hemoglobin levels in adolescents on the streets of Mejenan Gang 3 Mojoroto Kediri. The method that is used in this research is comparative study and the sampling technique that is used purposive sampling with a sample size of 40 respondents. The results show that 10 adolescents (50%) had abnormal hemoglobin levels and 10 adolescents (50%) had normal hemoglobin levels. 5 teenagers (25%) had abnormal hemoglobin levels and 15 (75%) normal hemoglobin levels. Based on statistical tests, the results obtain p-value 0.423 and> 0.05. So it can be concluded that there is a moderate effect between cigarettes and coffee on hemoglobin levels in adolescents on Mejenan Street Gang 3 Mojoroto Kediri.

In the present study, the association between Hemoglobin (HGB) level and cognitive profile was investigated and whether it affected the dementia risk in older adults. A cross-sectional population-based survey that included 3519 individuals ≥65years of age was conducted in 2019. Basic demographic characteristics were collected. The neuropsychological assessments and blood tests were administered to evaluate cognition and HGB level. Generalized additive models were used to analyze the non-linear association between HGB levels and cognitive function. Logistics regression models were utilized to analyze the associations between HGB level and dementia risk. Overall, 459 (12.7%) participants were diagnosed with dementia and there were more females (54.7%) than males (45.3%). The number of subjects with anemia (3%) or hyperhemoglobinemia (5.2%) was higher than participants with normal HGB level. A visual representation of the relationship between HGB level and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score showed an inverted U-curve, which is more evident in female. Logistics regression models showed that anemia (odds ratio, OR=1.826, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.166-2.860, p<0.01), but not hyperhemoglobinemia, significantly increased the risk of dementia. These trends were not the same for males and females. An abnormal HGB level had greater effects in females, resulting in higher risk of dementia for females with anemia or hyperhemoglobinemia than subjects with normal HGB level including males. Both low and high HGB levels can lead to cognitive decline in the incidence of dementia, indicating an inverted U-shaped curve association may exist between HGB level and global cognitive profile.

Background Anemia in pregnancy is a major health problem in developing countries with a high level of morbidity in pregnant women. The incidence of anemia in pregnancy is a condition of pregnant women with hemoglobin (Hb) levels 11 g/dL in the first and third trimesters, meanwhile in the second trimester Hb levels 10.5 g/dL. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of hemoglobin levels in pregnant women in the work area of Puskesmas Tampaksiring I. The research method used a descriptive type of research conducted in January-May 2022 with a total of 38 respondents obtained by random sampling technique. Hemoglobin levels were measured by the Point Of Care Testing (POCT) method. The results showed that 38 respondents (42.1%) had low hemoglobin levels, (55.3%) had normal hemoglobin levels, and (2.6%) had high hemoglobin levels. Low hemoglobin levels were mostly found in pregnant women who were in the range of 18-25 years, with less knowledge and were in a risky gestational age (Trimester I and III) and did not comply in taking blood-boosting tablets (TTD). The conclusion of this study is that most pregnant women have normal hemoglobin levels with a percentage of 55.3%.

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Hemoglobin is an iron-carrying oxygen transport protein protein in red cells in the blood of mammals and other animals. Hemoglobin consists of iron which is the carrier of O2. High and abnormal hemoglobin levels occur due to hemoconcentration due to dehydration. The number of red blood cells and hemoglobin molecules is not always increasing and decreasing simultaneously, for example the decrease in red blood cells along with slightly elevated or normal hemoglobin levels occur in cases of pernicious anemia, as well as slightly elevated or normal hemoglobin levels of hemoglobin decreases, occurs in iron deficiency anemia. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of green bean extract on changes of hemoglobin (Hb) level in Pregnant Women. The research design used was pre experimental research. The population in detail is all Pregnant Women, with acidental sampling technique in obtaining a sample of 16 people. The research instrument used is observation sheet and digital hemoglobin gauge and statistic test used is T test. The result of research of hemoglobin level before giving of green bean has average value (mean) is 10,494 and hemoglobin level after giving of green bean has average value (mean) is 11.238 this indicates an increase of hemoglobin level in student result of research done shows that there is an increase of Hb level in get p value 0,756 and 0,89. Then the T.Test data distribution test can be concluded p value &lt;0.05 which means H0 rejected and H1 accepted " The Effect Of Green Bean Side Effect On Changes in Hemoglobin Levels In Pregnant Women&#x0D; With Anemia". Based on the results of the study is expected people can consume green beans as an effort to prevent the occurrence of anemia and the fulfillment of nutrition, especially iron in Pregnant Women.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Several studies have shown that tumor cells may develop resistance to radiotherapy, proliferating under hypoxic conditions. Following surgery, patients may develop low hemoglobin levels, which may cause low oxygen conditions. This retrospective analysis was undertaken to determine the impact of low hemoglobin levels in patients with head and neck tumors treated with combined-modality therapy (surgery and postoperative radiochemotherapy). We studied 120 patients with mostly advanced head and neck tumors (88% stage III/IV) who had undergone macroscopically complete resections of their primary tumors and lymph node metastases. At 20-277 days after surgery (median: 51.3 days), these patients received postoperative chemoradiotherapy (56.7 Gy of radiation over 28-49 days and cisplatin 6 mg/m(2) body surface area on radiation treatment days with a cumulative dose of 96 mg/m(2)). Normal hemoglobin levels were considered to be 12 g/dl for females and 13 g/dl for males. Decreased hemoglobin levels before or after surgery and before or after chemoradiotherapy were correlated with the prognosis. Preoperatively, 99 of 114 patients (87%) had normal levels of hemoglobin compared with only 20 of 107 patients (19%) postoperatively. At the onset of radiochemotherapy, the hemoglobin levels of 82 of 116 patients (71%) were within the normal range. After radiochemotherapy, however, 62 of 114 patients (54%) had normal hemoglobin levels. Univariate analysis (Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test) showed that patients with decreased pre- or postoperative hemoglobin levels had significantly worse locoregional control ( P=0.032 and P=0.0001, respectively) and lower overall survival ( P=0.0013 and P=0.0002, respectively) than patients with normal hemoglobin levels. The 3-year locoregional control rates in patients with preoperative hemoglobin levels that were normal, were reduced by 1-2 g/dl or were reduced by more than 3 g/dl, respectively, were 78%, 55% and 50%. Correlated with normal and diminished postoperative hemoglobin levels, the 3-year locoregional control rates were 90%, 84% and 50%, respectively. There was no correlation between prognosis and hemoglobin level at the onset or after radiochemotherapy. On multivariate analysis, only the postoperative hemoglobin level remained a prognostic factor for locoregional control ( P=0.0241) and overall survival ( P=0.0080). We conclude that low postoperative hemoglobin levels resulting from blood loss may influence the efficacy of postoperative radiochemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Early intervention to raise the postoperative hemoglobin level may result in better tumor control and overall survival after combined-modality therapy.

Hemoglobin functions to transport all oxygen from the lungs to the tissue cells. Hemoglobin contains iron and is still present in red blood cells. In pregnant women hemoglobin levels are often abnormal. According to PMK RI No. 97 of 2014 concerning health services, it stipulates that pregnant women are checked for hemoglobin at least once in the first trimester and once in the third trimester. This is done to determine the condition of pregnant women during pregnancy. Low hemoglobin levels cause anemia. Anemia in pregnant women can affect the process of fetal growth and development in the womb. The purpose of this study was to determine the hemoglobin level between trimesters in pregnant women at the Jatilawang Health Center, Banyumas Regency in 2020. The research criteria was a descriptive study using a retrospective time series design using secondary data. The results of inter-trimester hemoglobin levels in pregnant women at the Jatilawang Health Center, Banyumas Regency in 2020 are in the first trimester 40% normal hemoglobin levels and 60% abnormal hemoglobin levels, in the second trimester hemoglobin levels are 72% normal and 28% hemoglobin levels are not normal, in the second trimester the hemoglobin levels are normal and 28% are abnormal. III 96% normal hemoglobin level and 4% abnormal hemoglobin level. Inter-trimester hemoglobin levels in pregnant women at the Jatilawang Health Center, Banyumas Regency in 2020 tend to be higher based on trimesters I, II and III.

Hemoglobin levels are a parameter that measures respiratory pigment in red blood cells. A decrease in hemoglobin levels can lead to anemia. Factors contributing to hemoglobin levels include inadequate nutrient intake, particularly iron and protein, as well as the effect of inhibitors on iron absorption such as calcium. This study aims to assess the intake of energy, protein, iron, and calcium in relation to hemoglobin levels among pregnant women. This research employs a Cross-Sectional study design. The sample consisted of 55 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Data collection on energy, protein, iron, and calcium intake was done using the SQ-FFQ questionnaire, while hemoglobin levels were measured using an Hb meter (EasyTouch GCHb), and data were analyzed using Spearman’s Rank Correlation test. The results showed that pregnant women had adequate energy intake (41.8%), excess protein intake (40%), adequate iron intake (89.1%), and adequate calcium intake (80%). Abnormal hemoglobin levels were observed in the third trimester of pregnancy (16.3%), whereas normal hemoglobin levels were found in the second trimester (34.5%). Statistical tests revealed no significant relationship between energy intake (p = 0.223), protein (p = 0.201), iron (p = 0.327), and calcium (p = 0.641) with hemoglobin levels. The conclusion of this study is that there is no significant relationship between energy, protein, iron, and calcium intake and hemoglobin levels among pregnant women in Parung Panjang District, Bogor Regency. Pregnant women should regularly consume calcium supplements and iron tablets to meet their iron and calcium needs, which can help prevent anemia.

Although allogeneic blood transfusions have allowed surgeons increased latitude in resecting advanced cancers, they can cause significant morbidity or even death in rare instances. Potential side effects may include transmission of infection and immunosuppression leading to an increased risk of cancer recurrence. Because patients have become more reluctant to receive transfusions, they frequently request preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD). In practice, however, only 50% or less of the donated blood is ultimately transfused while the remainder is discarded. The purpose of this study was to develop a transfusion prediction and risk assessment (TPRA) model for predicting the need for perioperative blood transfusions in patients undergoing major head and neck oncologic surgical procedures. By knowing the probability for blood transfusion, the physician and patient can make an educated decision regarding the need for PABD. Over a 4-year period, 436 patients underwent major head and neck surgical procedures for neoplasms of the upper aerodigestive tract, the thyroid gland, and the salivary glands. Data obtained prospectively on each patient included age and gender, the TNM stage, primary disease site, type of prior treatment, estimated intraoperative blood loss, duration of surgery, transfusion requirements, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, type of procedure and method of reconstruction. These variables were examined singly and in combination both for descriptive purposes and to evaluate their interrelationships. In order to develop the TPRA model, only the 12 variables available prior to the surgical procedure were examined. Variables associated with transfusion need were evaluated further in a multivariate analysis. The logistic regression model allowed a linear expression of patient characteristics to be related to a function of the probability of transfusion need. Analyses of association between categorical variables and transfusion status were based on chi-squared, Fisher's Exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Overall, 51 (11.7%) patients required blood transfusions. The median number of units transfused was 2.0 (range, 1 to 13 U). Univariate analysis demonstrated a higher probability for blood replacement in patients with oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal primary tumor sites, a preoperative hemoglobin level below normal, prior chemotherapy, composite resection, flap reconstruction, between 50 and 59 years of age, and T3 or T4 tumor stage. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the need for flap reconstruction, a preoperative hemoglobin below the normal level, and T3 or T4 primary stage were the three factors most significantly associated with the need for transfusion (P < .03). Based on eight combinations of these three variables, transfusion risk predictions were obtained. The TPRA model predicted that patients with a normal hemoglobin level who did not require flap reconstruction and did not have either a T3 or T4 primary stage tumor had the lowest probability (.02) for requiring blood transfusion. Patients at highest risk (.65) were those with less than a normal hemoglobin level, who required flap reconstruction, and had T3 or T4 primary tumor stage. Based on the TPRA model, an algorithm was developed which could serve as a guideline for preoperative transfusion planning. By using the TPRA model to change guidelines for preoperative transfusion planning, costs can theoretically be reduced by 50% without significantly increasing the risk of exposing patients to allogeneic blood transfusion. If the TPRA model proves accurate in a follow-up study to test its validity, it may have clinical utility for aiding the surgeon in more cost-effective transfusion planning.

Active smokers and passive smokers are widely found throughout the world, this is due to the negative influence from the surrounding environment which causes an increase in the number of cigarette consumers as well as someone who is exposed to cigarette smoke every day. The purpose of this study was to determine the hemoglobin levels of active smokers and passive smokers in musicians in the Batu City music community. This research method uses descriptive analytical research with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample consisted of 33 venous blood of active smokers and passive smokers in musicians in the Batu City music community. The examination was carried out using the cyanmethomoglobin method. The results found that the average normal male hemoglobin level was 15.8 g / dL with a frequency of 9, and high 19.1 g / dL as many as 16 frequencies, while for normal women 13.4 g / dL with a frequency of 3, for high 15.7 g / dL with a frequency of 5. The results of the Pearson correlation data analysis showed that there was a relationship between hemoglobin levels and active smokers and passive smokers with a value of P 0.01. Active smokers and passive smokers have differences in hemoglobin levels, high hemoglobin levels are dominated by active smokers, namely 75% and normal hemoglobin levels are dominated by passive smokers, namely 54%. This means that it can be concluded that there are differences in hemoglobin levels in active smokers and passive smokers of musicians in the Batu City music community. So the right advice for respondents is to reduce smoking gradually and then choose other positive activities rather than having to consume cigarettes every day.

BackgroundHemangioblastomas are associated with elevated hemoglobin (Hb) levels (polyglobulia), which is associated with a higher risk for cerebral stroke, cardiac infarction and pulmonary embolism. The pathomechanism of polyglobulia remains unclear and different theories have been postulated. Among those are elevated serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels caused by secretion of the tumor or associated tumor cyst.MethodsTo elucidate the pathomechanism, we systematically investigated the relation between polyglobulia, serum EPO level, size of the solid tumor and associated cyst in hemangioblastomas. We prospectively evaluated hemoglobin and EPO levels in a series of 33 consecutive patients operated on hemangioblastomas in our center. We measured the size of the solid tumor and associated cyst in magnetic resonance imaging. Statistical evaluations were performed using the Fisher’s exact test and student’s t-test.ResultsAs a result five patients had elevated hemoglobin levels. Only one of these had an elevated serum EPO level. Of 26 patients with normal hemoglobin levels, 4 patients had elevated EPO levels.Patients with low or normal hemoglobin levels (84%) had an average tumor size of 0.8 cm3, which differed significantly from patients with elevated hemoglobin levels (16%), who had an average solid tumor size of 8.0 cm3 (p < 0.05). We did not observe a significant correlation between EPO levels or polyglobulia and associated cysts.ConclusionsWe therefore conclude that in contrast to previous case reports and interpretations, our data show no correlation between polyglobulia and EPO levels or associated cysts in patients with hemangioblastomas. In fact, it is the size of the solid tumor that correlates with polyglobulia.The study was retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trial Registry on 10 July 2014; Trial registration: DRKS00006310.

Background: Adolescence is a transitional phase from childhood to adulthood, characterized by significant physical and psychological changes. In women, this phase is characterized by menstruation that occurs regularly. Menstruation is often accompanied by lower abdominal pain known as dysmenorrhea. One of the factors that contribute to the occurrence of dysmenorrhea is the hemoglobin (Hb) level in the blood. Lack of oxygen can affect the pain threshold mechanism, thus increasing the intensity of pain felt during menstruation. This study aimed to identify the relationship between hemoglobin levels and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in female students at Public Senior High School 1 Semarapura, Klungkung, Bali. Methods: The research method used a cross-sectional study conducted in the Klungkung area in May 2024. The sample of this study was taken by purposive sampling as many as 103 people, consisting of second-year of senior high school female students aged 16-18 years. The study samples were female adolescents who met certain inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 16-18 years old, already having menstruation, active as a student at Public Senior High School 1 Semarapura, willing to be a research subject and signed informed consent, having moderate to heavy physical activity levels, normal, mild, or moderate stress levels, menarche age ≥ 11 years, menstrual duration not more than 7 days. Exclusion criteria included students with BMI in the underweight or obese category and who were menstruating at the time of the study. Hemoglobin levels were measured using a digital Hb meter, while the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea was measured using the WaLIDD Score. Results: Data analysis using Spearman's rho hypothesis test showed a very strong correlation between hemoglobin levels and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea with a correlation coefficient (r) of -0.752 and a value of p = 0.000 (p &lt; 0.05). This unidirectional relationship indicates that the lower the hemoglobin level, the higher the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain felt. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a significant relationship between hemoglobin levels and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in female students of a public high school in Bali.

Background &amp; Objectives: Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic disease that infects the lungs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can affect hemoglobin levels to become anemic. Anemia occurs due to insufficient iron intake and the use of anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT). Anemia is defined as reduced hemoglobin levels in the blood. Hemoglobin is a protein that contains iron in red blood cells. This study aims to determine the description of hemoglobin levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the intensive treatment stage at Ciamis Regional Hospital.Methods: This research method is descriptive. Data collection techniques were obtained from secondary data. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique which recruited 31 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis to be used as respondents. Results: From this study, 19 (61%) samples with normal hemoglobin levels and 12 (39%) samples with low hemoglobin levels were obtained.Conclusion: Based on the results of the examination of hemoglobin levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the intensive treatment stage at Ciamis Hospital, most of them have normal hemoglobin levels.

Cord serum ferritin levels, fetal iron status, and neurodevelopmental outcomes: Correlations and confounding variables

Association of Haemoglobin Level with Morbidity and Mortality of Patients with Locally Advanced Oesophageal Carcinoma Undergoing Radiotherapy — A Secondary Analysis of Three Consecutive Clinical Phase III Trials

ObjectivesAnemia is independently and strongly associated with an increased risk of mortality in older people and is also strongly associated with obesity. The objectives of the present study were to examine the associations between the hemoglobin level and various anthropometric indices, to predict low and normal hemoglobin levels using combined anthropometric indices, and to assess differences in the hemoglobin level and anthropometric indices between Korean men and women.MethodsA total of 7,156 individuals ranging in age from 53–90 years participated in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Binary logistic regression (LR) and naïve Bayes (NB) models were used to identify significant differences in the anthropometric indices between subjects with low and normal hemoglobin levels and to assess the predictive power of these indices for the hemoglobin level.ResultsAmong all of the variables, age displayed the strongest association with the hemoglobin level in both men (p < 0.0001, odds ratio [OR] = 0.487, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve based on the LR [LR-AUC] = 0.702, NB-AUC = 0.701) and women (p < 0.0001, OR = 0.636, LR-AUC = 0.625, NB-AUC = 0.624). Among the anthropometric indices, weight and body mass index (BMI) were the best predictors of the hemoglobin level. The predictive powers of all of the variables were higher in men than in women. The AUC values for the NB-Wrapper and LR-Wrapper predictive models generated using combined anthropometric indices were 0.734 and 0.723, respectively, for men and 0.649 and 0.652, respectively, for women. The use of combined anthropometric indices may improve the predictive power for the hemoglobin level.DiscussionAmong the various anthropometric indices, with the exception of age, we did not identify any indices that were better predictors than weight and BMI for low and normal hemoglobin levels. In addition, none of the ratios between pairs of indices were good indicators of the hemoglobin level. Finally, the Korean men tended to have higher associations between the anthropometric indices and anemia than the women.