Abstract
In the present study, the infectivity of the four entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema glaseri, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema riobrave and Steinernema scarptasci on the earwig. Labidura riparia (Nymph and adult) was studied under laboratory conditions. S. carpocapsae exhibited a high virulence against the nymphs of L.riparia. On the other hand, S. scarptasci showed a higher mortality rate to the L.riparia adults. The highest numbers of juveniles emerging from infected insects (adult and nymphs) by nematode species S. carpocapsae were 38750 Is/adult and 20750 IJs/nymph. Using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the whole body proteins fractionated into 19, 18, 13, and 15 bands when L.riparia adult were infected by S.glaseri, S. scarptasci, S. riobrave and S. carpocapsae ,respectively. The most obvious observation was the complete disappearance of the slow moving protein fractions (fractions number 14-17) in samples infected by S. riobrave. Also, fractions 16-17 also disappeared in samples infected by S. carpocapsae. On the other hand, the disappearance of some protein fractions was accompanied with appearance of new fractions in samples of infected insects, i.e., fractions 18 and 19 in S.glaseri- infected insects. Most of these new protein fractions were among the low molecular weight. The tested samples affected the molecular weight, band percentage and protein content of the whole body profile protein. These results suggested the tested four steinernematid species have side effect on the predacious insect L.riparia (adults and nymphs), penetrates to its haemocoel causing death 4-days post infection.
Highlights
Steinernematid nematodes are considered as good biological agents because they cause rapid death of the insect host without side effects on mammals or plants (Gaugler, 1981; Kaya and Gaugler (1993) and Poinar, 1986).It is obligatory pathogens in nature and characterized by their mutualistic association with a specific bacterial species in the genera Xenorhabdus (Burman, 1982)
We examined entomopathogenic nematodes susceptibility of L. riparia in the laboratory in order to select nematodes species that are compatible with IPM programs and we studied the effect of the four nematodes, Steinernema riobrave, Steinernema glaseri, Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema scarptasci on protein banding of L. riparia, in an attempt to clarify the possible humeral immune response of L. riparia adult to the tested nematodes
Infective juvenile production: The juveniles were emerged from the cadavers, the highest numbers of juveniles emerging from infected insects by nematode species S. carpocapsae were 38750 infective juveniles (IJs) /adult and 20750 IJs/nymph
Summary
Steinernematid nematodes are considered as good biological agents because they cause rapid death of the insect host without side effects on mammals or plants (Gaugler, 1981; Kaya and Gaugler (1993) and Poinar, 1986). It is obligatory pathogens in nature and characterized by their mutualistic association with a specific bacterial species in the genera Xenorhabdus (Burman, 1982). These symbiotic bacteria are carried in the intestines of the non-feeding infective third-stage juveniles of these nematodes. Produce two or three generations, and emerge from the cadavers as IJs that search for new hosts (Kondo and Ishibashi, 1988)
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