Comparative Review of Machine Learning Models for Mobile Price Prediction Based on Specifications: A Systematic Literature Analysis

The aging and multimorbid population and health personnel shortages pose a substantial burden on primary health care. While predictive machine learning (ML) algorithms have the potential to address these challenges, concerns include transparency and insufficient reporting of model validation and effectiveness of the implementation in the clinical workflow. To systematically identify predictive ML algorithms implemented in primary care from peer-reviewed literature and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Conformité Européene (CE) registration databases and to ascertain the public availability of evidence, including peer-reviewed literature, gray literature, and technical reports across the artificial intelligence (AI) life cycle. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Emcare, Academic Search Premier, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, MathSciNet, AAAI.org (Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence), arXiv, Epistemonikos, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published between January 2000 and July 2023, with search terms that were related to AI, primary care, and implementation. The search extended to CE-marked or FDA-approved predictive ML algorithms obtained from relevant registration databases. Three reviewers gathered subsequent evidence involving strategies such as product searches, exploration of references, manufacturer website visits, and direct inquiries to authors and product owners. The extent to which the evidence for each predictive ML algorithm aligned with the Dutch AI predictive algorithm (AIPA) guideline requirements was assessed per AI life cycle phase, producing evidence availability scores. The systematic search identified 43 predictive ML algorithms, of which 25 were commercially available and CE-marked or FDA-approved. The predictive ML algorithms spanned multiple clinical domains, but most (27 [63%]) focused on cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Most (35 [81%]) were published within the past 5 years. The availability of evidence varied across different phases of the predictive ML algorithm life cycle, with evidence being reported the least for phase 1 (preparation) and phase 5 (impact assessment) (19% and 30%, respectively). Twelve (28%) predictive ML algorithms achieved approximately half of their maximum individual evidence availability score. Overall, predictive ML algorithms from peer-reviewed literature showed higher evidence availability compared with those from FDA-approved or CE-marked databases (45% vs 29%). The findings indicate an urgent need to improve the availability of evidence regarding the predictive ML algorithms' quality criteria. Adopting the Dutch AIPA guideline could facilitate transparent and consistent reporting of the quality criteria that could foster trust among end users and facilitating large-scale implementation.

BackgroundIn Emergency Departments (EDs), triage is crucial for determining patient severity and prioritizing care, typically using the Manchester Triage Scale (MTS). Traditional triage systems, reliant on human judgment, are prone to under-triage and over-triage, resulting in variability, bias, and incorrect patient classification. Studies suggest that Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) could enhance triage accuracy and consistency. This review analyzes studies on ML and/or NLP algorithms for ED patient triage.MethodsFollowing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic review across five databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library, from their inception of each database to October 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). Only articles employing at least one ML and/or NLP method for patient triage classification were included.ResultsSixty studies covering 57 ML algorithms were included. Logistic Regression (LR) was the most used model, while eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), decision tree-based algorithms with Gradient Boosting (GB), and Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) showed superior performance. Frequent predictive variables included demographics and vital signs, with oxygen saturation, chief complaints, systolic blood pressure, age, and mode of arrival being the most retained. The ML algorithms showed significant bias risk due to critical bias assessment in classification models.ConclusionNLP methods improved ML algorithms' classification capability using triage nursing and medical notes and structured clinical data compared to algorithms using only structured data. Feature engineering (FE) and class imbalance correction methods enhanced ML workflows' performance, but FE and eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) were underexplored in this field.Registration and funding.This systematic review has been registered (registration number: CRD42024604529) in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) and can be accessed online at the following URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=604529. Funding for this work was provided by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil.

Artificial intelligence in interdisciplinary life science and drug discovery research.

In dermatology, the applications of machine learning (ML), an artificial intelligence (AI) subset that enables machines to learn from experience, have progressed past the diagnosis and classification of skin lesions. A lack of systematic reviews exists to explore the role of ML in predicting the severity of psoriasis. To identify and summarize the existing literature on predicting psoriasis severity using ML algorithms and to identify gaps in -current clinical applications of these tools. OVID Embase, OVID MEDLINE, ACM Digital Library, Scopus and IEEE Xplore were searched from inception to August 2024. In total, 30 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. One article used serum biomarkers, while the remaining 29 used image-based models. The most common severity assessment score employed by these ML models was the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score, followed by body surface area, with 15 and 5 articles, respectively. The small size and heterogeneity of the existing body of literature are the primary limitations of this review. Progress in assessing skin lesion severity through ML in dermatology has advanced, but prospective clinical applications remain limited. ML and AI promise to improve psoriasis management, especially in nonimage-based applications requiring further exploration. Large-scale prospective trials using diverse image datasets are necessary to evaluate and predict the clinical value of these predictive AI models.

IntroductionThe emergence of automated machine learning or AutoML has raised an interesting trend of no-code and low-code machine learning where most tasks in the machine learning pipeline can possibly be automated without support from human data scientists. While it sounds reasonable that we should leave repetitive trial-and-error tasks of designing complex network architectures and tuning a lot of hyperparameters to AutoML, leading research using AutoML is still scarce. Thereby, the overall purpose of this case study is to investigate the gap between current AutoML frameworks and practical machine learning development.Case descriptionFirst, this paper confirms the increasing trend of AutoML via an indirect indicator of the numbers of search results in Google trend, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library during 2012–2021. Then, the three most popular AutoML frameworks (i.e., Auto-Sklearn, AutoKeras, and Google Cloud AutoML) are inspected as AutoML’s representatives; the inspection includes six comparative aspects. Based on the features available in the three AutoML frameworks investigated, our case study continues to observe recent machine learning research regarding the background of image-based machine learning. This is because the field of computer vision spans several levels of machine learning from basic to advanced and it has been one of the most popular fields in studying machine learning and artificial intelligence lately. Our study is specific to the context of image-based road health inspection systems as it has a long history in computer vision, allowing us to observe solution transitions from past to present.Discussion and evaluationAfter confirming the rising numbers of AutoML search results in the three search engines, our study regarding the three AutoML representatives further reveals that there are many features that can be used to automate the development pipeline of image-based road health inspection systems. Nevertheless, we find that recent works in image-based road health inspection have not used any form of AutoML in their works. Digging into these recent works, there are two main problems that best conclude why most researchers do not use AutoML in their image-based road health inspection systems yet. Firstly, it is because AutoML’s trial-and-error decision involves much extra computation compared to human-guided decisions. Secondly, using AutoML adds another layer of non-interpretability to a model. As these two problems are the major pain points in modern neural networks and deep learning, they may require years to resolve, delaying the mass adoption of AutoML in image-based road health inspection systems.ConclusionsIn conclusion, although AutoML’s utilization is not mainstream at this moment, we believe that the trend of AutoML will continue to grow. This is because there exists a demand for AutoML currently, and in the future, more demand for no-code or low-code machine learning development alternatives will grow together with the expansion of machine learning solutions. Nevertheless, this case study focuses on selected papers whose authors are researchers who can publish their works in academic conferences and journals. In the future, the study should continue to include observing novice users, non-programmer users, and machine learning practitioners in order to discover more insights from non-research perspectives.

Capsule endoscopy (CE) represents an important groundbreaking advancement in gastrointestinal (GI) examinations, distinguished by its noninvasive, painless, and convenient nature, and has swiftly established itself as a crucial tool for diagnosing and treating digestive diseases. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), as AI and ML progress, the capabilities of CE have expanded beyond mere imaging within the GI tract; it is progressively evolving to encompass procedures such as biopsies and targeted drug delivery. This review systematically searched five reputable repositories—Scopus, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and ScienceDirect—for all original publications on CE from 2001 to 2024. The review provides an overview of the current status and identified limitations of CE, highlighting the significant role that AI and ML are projected to play in its future development.

Types, functions, and mechanisms of machine learning for personalizing smoking cessation interventions: A systematic scoping review.

Integrated data-driven modeling and experimental optimization of granular hydrogel matrices

As science and technology is advancing by leaps and bounds, mobile phones have become part and parcel of people's life. Because the different models of mobile phones which have different structural foundations, the prices of mobile phones are constantly fluctuating. Mobile phone prices forecasts are becoming more precise as artificial intelligence develops. This article compares various machine learning approaches, and the importance of the variables is ranked in order to determine the most accurate way to forecast the prices of mobile phones. The machine learning techniques used are linear regression (LR), random forest regressor (RFR), XGB Regressor and Support Vector Machine regressor (SVM). In order to determine which model predicts the most accurate mobile phone prices, R^2 evaluation is used. The XGB Regressor model had the greatest score (R-squared = 0.95) for prediction of mobile phone prices, compared to the other three models. In a word, with XGB Regressor methodology as a priority for future mobile phone price predicting, which can improve the accuracy of price predicting.

The total capital in cryptocurrency markets is around two trillion dollars in 2022, which is almost the same as Apple’s market capitalisation at the same time. Increasingly, cryptocurrencies have become established in financial markets with an enormous number of transactions and trades happening every day. Similar to other financial systems, price prediction is one of the main challenges in cryptocurrency trading. Therefore, the application of artificial intelligence, as one of the tools of prediction, has emerged as a recently popular subject of investigation in the cryptocurrency domain. Since machine learning models, as opposed to traditional financial models, demonstrate satisfactory performance in quantitative finance, they seem ideal for coping with the price prediction problem in the complex and volatile cryptocurrency market. There have been several studies that have focused on applying machine learning for price and movement prediction and portfolio management in cryptocurrency markets, though these methods and models are in their early stages. This survey paper aims to review the current research trends in applications of supervised and reinforcement learning models in cryptocurrency price prediction. This study also highlights potential research gaps and possible areas for improvement. In addition, it emphasises potential challenges and research directions that will be of interest in the artificial intelligence and machine learning communities focusing on cryptocurrencies.

Explainable AI-driven IoMT fusion: Unravelling techniques, opportunities, and challenges with Explainable AI in healthcare

Ensemble methods overcome the limitations of single machine learning techniques by combining different techniques, and are employed in the quest to achieve a high level of accuracy. This approach has been investigated in various fields, one of them being that of bioinformatics. One of the most frequent applications of ensemble techniques involves research into cardiovascular diseases, which are considered the leading cause of death worldwide. The purpose of this research work is to identify the papers that investigate ensemble classification techniques applied to cardiology diseases, and to analyse them according to nine aspects: their publication venues, the medical tasks tackled, the empirical and research types adopted, the types of ensembles proposed, the single techniques used to construct the ensembles, the validation frameworks adopted to evaluate the proposed ensembles, the tools used to build the ensembles, and the optimization methods employed for the single techniques. This paper reports the carrying out of a systematic mapping study. An extensive automatic search in four digital libraries: IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, PubMed, and Scopus, followed by a study selection process, resulted in the identification of 351 papers that were used to address our mapping questions. This study found that the papers selected had been published in a large number of different resources. The medical task addressed most frequently by the selected studies was diagnosis. In addition, the experiment-based empirical type and evaluation-based research type were the most dominant approaches adopted by the selected studies. Homogeneous ensembles were the ensemble type that was developed most often in literature, while decision trees, artificial neural networks and Bayesian classifiers were the single techniques used most frequently to develop ensemble classification methods. The weighted majority and majority voting rules were adopted to obtain the final decision of the ensembles developed. With regard to evaluation frameworks, the datasets obtained from the UCI and PhysioBank repositories were those used most often to evaluate the ensemble methods, while the k-fold cross-validation method was the most frequently-employed validation technique. Several tools with which to build ensemble classifiers were identified, and the type of software adopted with the greatest frequency was open source. Finally, only a few researchers took into account the optimization of the parameter settings of either single or meta ensemble classifiers. This mapping study attempts to provide a greater insight into the application of ensemble classification methods in cardiovascular diseases. The majority of the selected papers reported positive feedback as regards the ability of ensemble methods to perform better than single methods. Further analysis is required to aggregate the evidence reported in literature.

Purpose This study aims to enhance real estate price prediction accuracy using advanced machine learning models, minimizing biases and inconsistencies inherent in traditional appraisal methods. By leveraging support vector regression (SVR) and gradient boosting machine (GBM), this study provides a data-driven approach to property valuation, improving decision-making for buyers, sellers and policymakers. This study also seeks to bridge the gap in machine learning applications for emerging markets like Jordan. This study’s research’s broader goal is to offer a transparent, efficient and reliable tool for property valuation that improves market efficiency and reduces transaction uncertainty. Design/methodology/approach This study uses machine learning techniques – SVR and GBM – to predict real estate prices in Amman, Jordan. Data was collected from the Department of Lands and Survey, covering residential property sales from March 2023 to December 2023. The data set underwent preprocessing, including one-hot encoding for categorical variables and logarithmic normalization for skewed data. Hyperparameter tuning was performed using grid search, and an ensemble approach compared multiple algorithms. Performance was evaluated using root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and MAE. The findings were implemented into a user-friendly “PRICE IT” application for real-world application. Findings The results demonstrate that SVR outperforms GBM in predicting real estate prices, achieving the lowest RMSE (0.31) and MAPE (25%). The most influential factors in price determination are property area, location and apartment type. The study highlights that machine learning models provide superior accuracy compared to traditional appraisal methods. The findings support the integration of data-driven valuation techniques in real estate markets, reducing reliance on subjective human judgment. A user-friendly application was developed to enable nontechnical users to estimate property prices, making the research practical and impactful. Originality/value This study contributes to the growing field of machine learning applications in real estate by demonstrating the effectiveness of SVR and GBM in an emerging market context. Unlike previous research, it focuses on Amman, Jordan, where limited studies have explored advanced machine-learning models for price prediction. The study offers a practical, user-friendly valuation tool that real estate stakeholders can widely adopt. This research enhances decision-making and market efficiency by providing a transparent and objective alternative to traditional appraisal methods.

Our methodology utilizes a supervised learning approach, employing Random Forest and Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM) trained on a comprehensive dataset that includes email headers, content, and sender behavior. This approach allows our models to discern complex patterns associated with phishing attempts, achieving a 92% detection rate, a substantial improvement over the traditional signature-based methods' 65% rate. Additionally, we integrated NLP techniques, specifically Word2Vec and GloVe, to extract semantic features from email content, enhancing our system's ability to identify malicious intent. The incorporation of NLP not only improves the precision of phishing detection by an additional 15% compared to conventional methods but also emphasizes the importance of semantic analysis in cybersecurity. This enhancement is crucial for understanding the subtle cues within email content that may indicate phishing, offering a more robust and effective defense mechanism for rural areas. By combining supervised learning with quantum computing and NLP, our approach addresses the significant gaps in traditional cybersecurity methods. This multi-layered strategy ensures a more reliable and efficient way to safeguard rural communities from the increasing threat of cyber attacks. The advanced AI techniques employed here leverage both the predictive power of machine learning and the nuanced understanding of language provided by NLP, setting a new standard in cybersecurity practices. The results of our study highlight the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, demonstrating a potential to markedly improve cybersecurity in resource-constrained rural environments. With a 92% phishing detection rate and an increase in precision through the use of NLP, our approach promises a significant advancement in the protection against cyber threats for rural areas, offering a comprehensive and scalable solution. This research presents an innovative multi-layered AI approach, utilizing quantum computing to enhance cybersecurity in rural areas vulnerable to phishing threats. The paper details the integration of sophisticated machine learning techniques—Random Forest and Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM)—with Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools like Word2Vec and GloVe, achieving significant improvements in phishing detection rates. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing cybersecurity strategies and the limitations of traditional signature-based detection methods, this study proposes a robust solution tailored for rural settings such as Siddlagatta, Chikkaballapur, and Devanahalli. By incorporating quantum computing, the approach not only overcomes the constraints of classical computing but also leverages the predictive prowess of AI to offer a more reliable and effective defense against cyber threats. The results demonstrate a promising increase in detection rates, underscoring the potential of this quantum-enhanced, AI-driven strategy to significantly bolster cybersecurity in resource-limited rural environments. Introduction : Cybersecurity in rural areas remains a pivotal concern, exacerbated by limited access to sophisticated technological resources and infrastructure. This paper introduces an advanced multi-layered artificial intelligence (AI) approach, utilizing quantum computing to enhance phishing threat detection in rural environments. Focusing on regions like Siddlagatta, Chikkaballapur, and Devanahalli, the study integrates supervised learning algorithms—Random Forest and Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM)—with Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to improve the detection and analysis of phishing attempts. By leveraging machine learning to surpass traditional signature-based methods, this approach significantly boosts detection rates, presenting a tailored, effective solution to protect these vulnerable communities against evolving cyber threats.. Objectives : The objectives of this research are to develop and implement a multi-layered artificial intelligence (AI) approach, utilizing quantum computing to enhance the detection of phishing threats in rural areas. Specifically, the study aims to address the limitations of traditional signature-based detection methods by integrating advanced machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest and Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM) with Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. This integration seeks to improve the precision of identifying malicious intent in email communications by analyzing semantic features. The research also explores the effectiveness of these AI techniques in rural settings where cybersecurity resources are scarce, aiming to provide a more robust and efficient solution that can significantly reduce the incidence of phishing attacks in these vulnerable communities. Methods : The proposed methodology entails the development of a web-based platform that melds social networking functionalities with sophisticated agricultural tools and services. By utilizing user profiles, the system effectively categorizes key stakeholders such as farmers, suppliers, experts, and policymakers to foster focused engagement and collaborative efforts. The integration of data from IoT sensors, satellite imagery, and user contributions is channeled into a central system that supports real-time analysis and informed decision-making. Moreover, the platform employs algorithms designed to align stakeholders with pertinent resources, market possibilities, and professional advice. Enhanced communication features like forums, direct messaging, and video conferencing are incorporated to promote interactive exchanges among users. A pilot phase involving select agricultural communities will be initiated to evaluate the practicality and impact of the framework, with subsequent adjustments driven by user feedback and analytic assessments. The ultimate goal of this framework is to boost connectivity, facilitate the efficient distribution of resources, and empower all involved parties through a scalable and intuitive interface. This approach not only aims to revolutionize the way agricultural communities interact and operate but also seeks to provide a robust foundation for continuous growth and innovation in the sector. Results : The simulated results of the study demonstrate a significant enhancement in phishing detection capabilities through the integration of a multi-layered AI approach in rural settings. The deployment of advanced machine learning algorithms, such as Random Forest and Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM), along with Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, notably increased the phishing detection rate to 92%, a substantial improvement over the 65% detection rate achieved by traditional signature-based methods. Additionally, the incorporation of NLP through tools like Word2Vec and GloVe improved the precision of identifying malicious intent by an additional 15%, emphasizing the effectiveness of semantic analysis in distinguishing phishing attempts. These results highlight the potential of combining machine learning and quantum computing to address the unique cybersecurity challenges faced in rural areas, providing a robust solution that significantly enhances the detection and prevention of phishing threats.. Conclusions : The research presented in this paper successfully demonstrates the efficacy of a multi-layered AI approach in significantly enhancing cybersecurity against phishing threats in rural areas. By integrating advanced machine learning algorithms with Natural Language Processing techniques and quantum computing, the study achieved a notable increase in phishing detection rates, outperforming traditional signature-based methods with a detection rate of 92%. This approach not only addresses the limitations inherent in existing cybersecurity measures but also tailors its strategy to the unique challenges posed by the limited resources and infrastructure in rural environments. The integration of semantic analysis through NLP further enhanced the precision of threat detection, providing a more nuanced understanding of malicious intent. Overall, the study underscores the potential of sophisticated AI technologies to transform cybersecurity practices in underserved areas, ensuring more effective protection against evolving cyber threats.

Rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) is transforming healthcare, and nursing practice is inevitably affected. Yet limited formal education leaves many nurses hesitant to integrate such tools into everyday care.This cross‑disciplinary review (i) introduces the fundamental concepts, core types and common evaluation metrices, illustrated with nursing-specific examples; (ii) catalogues the main algorithmic applications in nursing research; and (iii) describes ethical and practical challenges in their clinical use.A structured search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, IEEE Xplore and ACM Digital Library (2015-2024) retrieved 1445 records; after de-duplication and screening against inclusion criteria (peer-reviewed, English-language studies that developed, implemented or evaluated an ML method in a clinical, community-health or educational nursing context), 61 papers were analyzed. Supervised approaches predominated, while unsupervised and semi-supervised techniques were less common. Models were evaluated mainly with accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), precision-recall and F1-score for classification, or mean-absolute/squared error for regression.Applications spanned eight main categories: (1) predictive risk assessment and early‑warning systems; (2) clinical decision support and diagnostic aid; (3) continuous patient monitoring; (4) workflow, staffing and operational optimizations; (5) documentation and information extraction via natural‑language processing; (6) education and competency development; and (7) other niche applications.Key barriers to wider adoption remain regulatory and ethical constraints, data quality, model transparency and engagement issues, data challenges, lack of ML-specific training in nursing curricula, and operational limitations. The utilization of ML in nursing is based on three core pillars: strong interdisciplinary collaboration, systematic integration of ML at all levels of nursing education, and a guiding framework that maps human-centered nursing interventions to interpretable ML tools. Such a foundation will enable nurses to safely leverage the results of algorithms, avoid biases and risks, and integrate ethical responsibility into technology-enhanced care.