Abstract
The vascular wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici is an important soil borne pathogen causes severe yield loss. The molecular characterization and their interaction with its host is necessary to develop a protection strategy. 20 isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) were isolated from wilt infected tomato plants across Tamil Nadu. They were subjected to cultural, morphological, molecular and virulence studies. The results revealed that all the isolates produced both micro and macro conidia with different size, number of cells. The colors of the culture and growth pattern were also varied. In addition, chlamydospores were observed terminally and intercalary. The PCR analysis with F. oxysporum species-specific primer significantly amplified an amplicon of 600 bp fragment in all the isolates. Based on the above characters and pathogenicity, isolate FOL-8 was considered as virulent and FOL-20 was considered as least virulent. Proteomics strategy was adopted to determine the virulence factors between the isolates of FOL-8 and FOL-20. The 2D analyses have showed the differential expression of 17 different proteins. Among them, three proteins were down regulated and 14 proteins were significantly up regulated in FOL-8 than FOL-20 isolate. Among the 17 proteins, 10 distinct spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF. The functions of the analyzed proteins, suggested that they were involved in pathogenicity, symptom expression and disease development, sporulation, growth, and higher penetration rate on tomato root tissue. Overall, these experiments proves the role of proteome in pathogenicity of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in tomato and unravels the mechanism behinds the virulence of the pathogen in causing wilt disease.
Highlights
The vascular wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) is a devastating disease of tomato in major growing regions worldwide
20 F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici isolates were grown on Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium to study their growth and FOL-20 variability in colony characters
Microscopic examination revealed that all the isolates produced two types of conidia namely micro and macro conidia
Summary
The vascular wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) is a devastating disease of tomato in major growing regions worldwide. It survives in soil and in infected plant debris present between crop rotations as mycelium and it produce chlamydospores under cooler temperate regions. This pathogen infects the tomato plants through mycelium or penetrating tip of the roots by spore germination, wounds from roots or root laterals. The production of microconidia from the mycelium takes place exclusively in the xylem vessels. The mycelium along with spores clogs the vascular vessel and arrests the plant from absorption and nutrient translocation. Production of fusaric acid by this pathogen considered as a potent pathogenicity factor for the development wilt disease in tomato (Singh et al, 2017)
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