Abstract
The effects of salt stress on lipid composition of mature mangrove plant, Rhizophora mucronata grown in estuarine water (0.391 M Chloride ion concentration and 3020 ppm salinity) and yield of total lipids from two original protocols and four modified protocols were evaluated. It is the first approach for isolation of mangrove lipids, in which propanol treatment was used, which resulted in two fold increase in lipid yield. Rhizophora mucronata lipid composition is categorized into seven prominent classes: Polar lipids, Unknown, Sterols, Free fatty acids, Tri-terpenoids, Wax esters and Sterol esters. Comparative study of mangrove lipid profile (Rhizophora mucronata control and Rhizophora mucronata mature) with that of a salt sensitive tree Mangifera indica showed that in Rhizophora mucronata plants grown in high saline conditions, the concentration of sterol esters, wax esters and sterols get decreased and tri-terpenoids, free fatty acids, unknown lipids and polar lipids get increased.
Highlights
Mangroves are prominent halophytic inhabitants of intertidal zone found in tropical and subtropical climates thriving under varying degrees of salinity, ranging from fresh to levels greater than that of seawater [1]
Mangroves are good reservoir for isolation of biomolecules including lipids involved in salt stress tolerance [19,20]
The insoluble Polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP) binds to and removes phenolic compounds and sodium acetate eliminates polysaccharides. These were introduced in the protocol to see whether the phenolic compounds and polysaccharides exhibit any inhibitory effect in the isolation of total lipids from the leaves of Rhizophora mucronata, which is rich in phenolic compounds
Summary
Mangroves are prominent halophytic inhabitants of intertidal zone found in tropical and subtropical climates thriving under varying degrees of salinity, ranging from fresh to levels greater than that of seawater [1]. Salinity imposes quite a few stumbling blocks in overall plant cellular metabolic processes which includes water deficit caused by salt induced osmotic stress and the toxic effects due to ion excess. These salt-tolerant plants (mangroves) have advanced mechanisms to cope with the harmful after effects of salinity stress. Salt stress prompted alterations in plant lipid bilayer composition and membrane permeability due to salt stress were reported earlier by various authors [10,11,12] Such modifications of the lipid bilayer result in transmuted membrane fluidity and H+- ATPase activity, influencing the passive influx of potentially toxic ions such as Na+ and Cl- [10,13]. It was found that the Tri-terpenoids formed the predominant lipid class in Rhizophora mucronata, suggesting that these lipids may have a prominent role in salt tolerance
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