Abstract
The performance characteristics of a flat plate solar collector were investigated experimentally by applying various nanofluids in the solar collector and comparing the sensitivity of its performance under different operating conditions. The experimental results revealed that the efficiency of the flat plate solar collector was highest (87%) when a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanofluid was applied and lowest (62%) when basefluid(water) was applied. When the nanofluid concentration was decreased from that of the maximum efficiency, the performance sensitivity was highest for CeO2 nanofluid and lowest for Fe3O4 nanofluid. The reduction in performance attributable to nanoparticle size was the largest when CuO nanofluid was applied and lowest when Fe3O4 nanofluid was used. Overall, when nanofluids were used in the flat plate solar collector, high efficiency was observed, and the sensitivity of performance under the various operating parameters was found to be lower than in the case of water. In particular, when MWCNT nanofluid was used as the working fluid, the highest efficiency was observed; however, the efficiency sensitivity according to operating conditions was the largest.
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